महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-61, verse-26

पितामहं शांतनवं स वृद्धं द्रोणं गुरुं च प्रतिपूज्य मूर्ध्ना ।
द्रौणिं कृपं चैव गुरूंश्च सर्वाञ्शरैर्विचित्रैरभिवाद्य चैव ॥२६॥

26. pitāmahaṁ śāṁtanavaṁ sa vṛddhaṁ; droṇaṁ guruṁ ca pratipūjya mūrdhnā ,
drauṇiṁ kṛpaṁ caiva gurūṁśca sarvā;ñśarairvicitrairabhivādya caiva.

26. pitāmaham śāntanavam saḥ vṛddham
droṇam gurum ca pratipūjya mūrdhnā
drauṇim kṛpam ca eva gurūn ca sarvān
śaraiḥ vicitraiḥ abhivādya ca eva

26. Having honored his aged grandfather, the son of Shantanu (Bhishma), and Drona, his preceptor (guru), by bowing his head; and having also saluted Drona's son (Ashvatthama), Kripa, and all his other elders (guru) with wondrous arrows.

Words meanings summery:

• पितामहम् (pitāmaham) - his grandfather (Bhishma) (grandfather)

• शान्तनवम् (śāntanavam) - Bhishma (son of Shantanu) (son of Shantanu, Bhishma)

• सः (saḥ) - that (well-known) (he, that)

• वृद्धम् (vṛddham) - aged (aged, old, grown, venerable)

• द्रोणम् (droṇam) - Drona

• गुरुम् (gurum) - his preceptor (guru) (teacher, preceptor (guru), elder)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• प्रतिपूज्य (pratipūjya) - having honored (having honored, having worshipped)

• मूर्ध्ना (mūrdhnā) - by bowing his head (with the head, by the head)

• द्रौणिम् (drauṇim) - Drona's son (Ashvatthama) (son of Drona, Ashvatthama)

• कृपम् (kṛpam) - Kripa (a Kuru warrior and teacher) (Kripa)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• एव (eva) - as well (indeed, only, just, also)

• गुरून् (gurūn) - his elders (guru) (elders, teachers (guru), preceptors)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• सर्वान् (sarvān) - all (his elders) (all, every)

• शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with (his) arrows (with arrows)

• विचित्रैः (vicitraiḥ) - wondrous (arrows) (variegated, wondrous, diverse, beautiful)

• अभिवाद्य (abhivādya) - having saluted (having saluted, having greeted respectfully)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• एव (eva) - as well (indeed, only, just, also)

Words meanings and morphology

पितामहम् (pitāmaham) - his grandfather (Bhishma) (grandfather)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pitāmaha

pitāmaha - paternal grandfather

Compound of 'pitṛ' (father) and 'maha' (great).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (pitṛ+maha)

• pitṛ – father
  noun (masculine)
• maha – great, large
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Object of 'pratipūjya'.

शान्तनवम् (śāntanavam) - Bhishma (son of Shantanu) (son of Shantanu, Bhishma)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śāntanava

śāntanava - descendant of Shantanu, Bhishma

Patronymic derivation from 'śantanu' (Shantanu) with the suffix -a. 'śāntanava' refers to Bhishma, who was the son of Shantanu.

Note: Qualifies 'pitāmaham'.

सः (saḥ) - that (well-known) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Used with 'vṛddham' to emphasize the aged status of Bhishma, though 'vṛddham' is accusative. This might be an archaic or poetic construction.

वृद्धम् (vṛddham) - aged (aged, old, grown, venerable)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vṛddha

vṛddha - aged, old, venerable, grown

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √vṛdh (to grow, increase) + suffix -ta.

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'pitāmaham śāntanavam'.

द्रोणम् (droṇam) - Drona

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Drona (a proper name, Arjuna's teacher)

Note: Object of 'pratipūjya'.

गुरुम् (gurum) - his preceptor (guru) (teacher, preceptor (guru), elder)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of guru

guru - teacher, preceptor (guru), elder, respected person

Note: In apposition to 'droṇam'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

प्रतिपूज्य (pratipūjya) - having honored (having honored, having worshipped)

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Formed from prefix 'prati' + root '√pūj' (to honor) + suffix -ya.

Prefix: prati

Root: pūj (class 10)

Note: Connects the action of honoring to the main narrative.

मूर्ध्ना (mūrdhnā) - by bowing his head (with the head, by the head)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of mūrdhan

mūrdhan - head, top

Note: Indicates the manner of honoring.

द्रौणिम् (drauṇim) - Drona's son (Ashvatthama) (son of Drona, Ashvatthama)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of drauṇi

drauṇi - son of Drona, Ashvatthama

Patronymic derivation from Drona, with the suffix -i.

Note: Object of 'abhivādya'.

कृपम् (kṛpam) - Kripa (a Kuru warrior and teacher) (Kripa)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kṛpa

kṛpa - Kripa (a proper name)

Note: Object of 'abhivādya'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - as well (indeed, only, just, also)

(indeclinable)

गुरून् (gurūn) - his elders (guru) (elders, teachers (guru), preceptors)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of guru

guru - teacher, preceptor (guru), elder, respected person

Note: Object of 'abhivādya'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

सर्वान् (sarvān) - all (his elders) (all, every)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Note: Qualifies 'gurūn'.

शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with (his) arrows (with arrows)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow, reed

Note: Instrument of 'abhivādya'.

विचित्रैः (vicitraiḥ) - wondrous (arrows) (variegated, wondrous, diverse, beautiful)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of vicitra

vicitra - variegated, diverse, wonderful, beautiful, extraordinary

Compound of 'vi' (diverse) and 'citra' (bright, clear, wonderful).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (vi+citra)

• vi – asunder, apart, intensely, various
  indeclinable
  Prefix or indeclinable meaning 'apart, asunder, intensely, various'.
• citra – bright, clear, variegated, wonderful, picture
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies 'śaraiḥ'.

अभिवाद्य (abhivādya) - having saluted (having saluted, having greeted respectfully)

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Formed from prefix 'abhi' + root '√vad' (to speak) in its causative form (vād-) + suffix -ya.

Prefix: abhi

Root: vad (class 1)

Note: Connects the action of saluting to the main narrative.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - as well (indeed, only, just, also)

(indeclinable)