महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-61, verse-2

सोऽमृष्यमाणो वचसाभिमृष्टो महारथेनातिरथस्तरस्वी ।
पर्याववर्ताथ रथेन वीरो भोगी यथा पादतलाभिमृष्टः ॥२॥

2. so'mṛṣyamāṇo vacasābhimṛṣṭo; mahārathenātirathastarasvī ,
paryāvavartātha rathena vīro; bhogī yathā pādatalābhimṛṣṭaḥ.

2. saḥ amṛṣyamāṇaḥ vacasā abhimṛṣṭaḥ
mahārathena atirathaḥ tarasvī
paryāvavarta atha rathena vīraḥ
bhogī yathā pādatalābhimṛṣṭaḥ

2. That swift and mighty warrior (Atirathi), unable to tolerate being provoked by the words of the great warrior, then turned his chariot around, that hero, just as a serpent is provoked when touched by the sole of a foot.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - Refers to Duryodhana. (he, that)

• अमृष्यमाणः (amṛṣyamāṇaḥ) - Duryodhana was impatient or unable to bear the words. (not enduring, unable to bear, impatient)

• वचसा (vacasā) - by speech, by words

• अभिमृष्टः (abhimṛṣṭaḥ) - Provoked by the words. (touched, assailed, provoked)

• महारथेन (mahārathena) - Refers to the speaker of the previous verse, who is a great warrior (e.g., Bhīṣma, Droṇa). (by a great warrior)

• अतिरथः (atirathaḥ) - Epithet for Duryodhana. (a super-warrior, one who can fight many thousands of warriors)

• तरस्वी (tarasvī) - Epithet for Duryodhana. (swift, impetuous, powerful)

• पर्याववर्त (paryāvavarta) - Duryodhana turned his chariot around. (turned around, revolved)

• अथ (atha) - then, and

• रथेन (rathena) - by means of the chariot, with the chariot

• वीरः (vīraḥ) - Refers to Duryodhana. (hero, brave man)

• भोगी (bhogī) - Used in a simile for a provoked reaction. (a serpent, snake)

• यथा (yathā) - just as, as

• पादतलाभिमृष्टः (pādatalābhimṛṣṭaḥ) - Describes the serpent in the simile, implying provocation. (touched by the sole of the foot)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - Refers to Duryodhana. (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

अमृष्यमाणः (amṛṣyamāṇaḥ) - Duryodhana was impatient or unable to bear the words. (not enduring, unable to bear, impatient)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of amṛṣyamāṇa

amṛṣyamāṇa - not tolerating, impatient, unable to bear

Present Middle Participle (negative)

From root 'mṛṣ' (to bear, endure) with negative prefix 'a', in middle voice, 'māna' suffix.

Prefix: a

Root: mṛṣ (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'saḥ' and 'vīraḥ'.

वचसा (vacasā) - by speech, by words

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of vacas

vacas - speech, word

अभिमृष्टः (abhimṛṣṭaḥ) - Provoked by the words. (touched, assailed, provoked)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of abhimṛṣṭa

abhimṛṣṭa - touched, assailed, attacked, provoked

Past Passive Participle

From root 'mṛś' (to touch, feel) with prefix 'abhi', then 'ta' suffix.

Prefix: abhi

Root: mṛś (class 6)

Note: Agrees with 'saḥ' and 'vīraḥ'.

महारथेन (mahārathena) - Refers to the speaker of the previous verse, who is a great warrior (e.g., Bhīṣma, Droṇa). (by a great warrior)

(compound)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective
• ratha – chariot, warrior (chariot-borne)
  noun (masculine)

अतिरथः (atirathaḥ) - Epithet for Duryodhana. (a super-warrior, one who can fight many thousands of warriors)

(compound)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ati+ratha)

• ati – exceeding, very, over
  indeclinable
• ratha – chariot, warrior
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'saḥ' and 'vīraḥ'.

तरस्वी (tarasvī) - Epithet for Duryodhana. (swift, impetuous, powerful)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tarasvin

tarasvin - swift, quick, impetuous, powerful

Derived from 'taras' (speed, impetuosity) + 'vin' suffix.

Note: Agrees with 'saḥ' and 'vīraḥ'.

पर्याववर्त (paryāvavarta) - Duryodhana turned his chariot around. (turned around, revolved)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vṛt

Perfect active, 3rd person singular (reduplicated)

From root 'vṛt' (class 1, ātmanepada) with prefixes 'pari' and 'ā'.

Prefixes: pari+ā

Root: vṛt (class 1)

अथ (atha) - then, and

(indeclinable)

रथेन (rathena) - by means of the chariot, with the chariot

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot

वीरः (vīraḥ) - Refers to Duryodhana. (hero, brave man)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vīra

vīra - hero, brave man, warrior

Note: Agrees with 'saḥ'.

भोगी (bhogī) - Used in a simile for a provoked reaction. (a serpent, snake)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhogin

bhogin - serpent, snake (lit. one having a hood/enjoying)

Derived from 'bhoga' (hood, enjoyment) + 'in' suffix.

यथा (yathā) - just as, as

(indeclinable)

पादतलाभिमृष्टः (pādatalābhimṛṣṭaḥ) - Describes the serpent in the simile, implying provocation. (touched by the sole of the foot)

(compound)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pāda+tala+abhimṛṣṭa)

• pāda – foot, leg
  noun (masculine)
• tala – sole (of foot), palm (of hand), surface
  noun (neuter)
• abhimṛṣṭa – touched, assailed, provoked
  participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'mṛś' with prefix 'abhi'.
  Prefix: abhi
  Root: mṛś (class 6)

Note: Agrees with 'bhogī'.