महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-61, verse-23

दुर्योधनस्तस्य तु तन्निशम्य पितामहस्यात्महितं वचोऽथ ।
अतीतकामो युधि सोऽत्यमर्षी राजा विनिःश्वस्य बभूव तूष्णीम् ॥२३॥

23. duryodhanastasya tu tanniśamya; pitāmahasyātmahitaṁ vaco'tha ,
atītakāmo yudhi so'tyamarṣī; rājā viniḥśvasya babhūva tūṣṇīm.

23. duryodhanaḥ tasya tu tat niśamya
pitāmahasya ātmahitam vacaḥ atha
atītakāmaḥ yudhi saḥ atyamarṣī
rājā viniḥśvasya babhūva tūṣṇīm

23. Duryodhana, having heard that beneficial (ātman) counsel from his grandfather, and being one whose desires had passed away in battle, and exceedingly wrathful, that king (Duryodhana) sighed and became silent.

Words meanings summery:

• दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana (a proper name)

• तस्य (tasya) - of his (grandfather) (of him, his)

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• तत् (tat) - that (counsel) (that)

• निशम्य (niśamya) - having heard, having listened

• पितामहस्य (pitāmahasya) - of the grandfather

• आत्महितम् (ātmahitam) - beneficial (to Duryodhana himself) (self-beneficial, beneficial to oneself)

• वचः (vacaḥ) - word, speech, counsel

• अथ (atha) - then, thereupon

• अतीतकामः (atītakāmaḥ) - whose desires have passed away

• युधि (yudhi) - in battle

• सः (saḥ) - that (king) (he)

• अत्यमर्षी (atyamarṣī) - exceedingly wrathful, very irritable

• राजा (rājā) - Duryodhana as king (king)

• विनिःश्वस्य (viniḥśvasya) - having sighed heavily (having sighed, having exhaled)

• बभूव (babhūva) - he became, he was

• तूष्णीम् (tūṣṇīm) - silently, in silence

Words meanings and morphology

दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana (a proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana (son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra, chief of the Kauravas)

तस्य (tasya) - of his (grandfather) (of him, his)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

तत् (tat) - that (counsel) (that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

निशम्य (niśamya) - having heard, having listened

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Gerund/Absolutive from √śam (to be quiet, calm, hear) with prefix ni-

Prefix: ni

Root: śam (class 1)

पितामहस्य (pitāmahasya) - of the grandfather

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of pitāmaha

pitāmaha - paternal grandfather; Brahmā

आत्महितम् (ātmahitam) - beneficial (to Duryodhana himself) (self-beneficial, beneficial to oneself)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ātmahita

ātmahita - beneficial to oneself, one's own welfare

Compound type : tatpurusha (ātman+hita)

• ātman – self, soul, spirit, individual soul (ātman)
  noun (masculine)
• hita – beneficial, salutary, good, placed, arranged
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From √dhā (to place, put) with prefix hi- (used as root here)
  Root: dhā (class 3)

वचः (vacaḥ) - word, speech, counsel

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vacas

vacas - word, speech, saying, counsel

Root: vac (class 2)

अथ (atha) - then, thereupon

(indeclinable)

अतीतकामः (atītakāmaḥ) - whose desires have passed away

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of atītakāma

atītakāma - one whose desires are gone or unsatisfied

Compound type : bahuvrihi (atīta+kāma)

• atīta – past, gone, elapsed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From √i (to go) with prefix ati-
  Prefix: ati
  Root: i (class 2)
• kāma – desire, wish, love
  noun (masculine)
  Root: kam (class 1)

युधि (yudhi) - in battle

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of yudh

yudh - battle, fight, war

Root: yudh (class 4)

सः (saḥ) - that (king) (he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

अत्यमर्षी (atyamarṣī) - exceedingly wrathful, very irritable

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of atyamarṣin

atyamarṣin - exceedingly impatient, very wrathful

राजा (rājā) - Duryodhana as king (king)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, sovereign, ruler

Root: rāṃj (class 1)

विनिःश्वस्य (viniḥśvasya) - having sighed heavily (having sighed, having exhaled)

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Gerund/Absolutive from √śvas (to breathe, sigh) with prefixes vi- and nis-

Prefixes: vi+nis

Root: śvas (class 2)

बभूव (babhūva) - he became, he was

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of bhū

Perfect tense, 3rd singular, Active voice

Root: bhū (class 1)

तूष्णीम् (tūṣṇīm) - silently, in silence

(indeclinable)