महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-61, verse-24

तद्भीष्मवाक्यं हितमीक्ष्य सर्वे धनंजयाग्निं च विवर्धमानम् ।
निवर्तनायैव मनो निदध्युर्दुर्योधनं ते परिरक्षमाणाः ॥२४॥

24. tadbhīṣmavākyaṁ hitamīkṣya sarve; dhanaṁjayāgniṁ ca vivardhamānam ,
nivartanāyaiva mano nidadhyu;rduryodhanaṁ te parirakṣamāṇāḥ.

24. tat bhīṣmavākyam hitam īkṣya sarve
dhanaṃjaya-agnim ca vivardhamānam
nivartanāya eva manaḥ nidadhyuḥ
duryodhanam te parirakṣamāṇāḥ

24. Considering Bhishma's beneficial words and the ever-increasing martial prowess (literally, 'fire') of Arjuna, all of them, while protecting Duryodhana, firmly resolved to retreat.

Words meanings summery:

• तत् (tat) - those (words) (that, therefore, then, in that manner)

• भीष्मवाक्यम् (bhīṣmavākyam) - Bhishma's words (of counsel) (Bhishma's statement, Bhishma's words)

• हितम् (hitam) - beneficial (to them) (beneficial, salutary, good, advantageous)

• ईक्ष्य (īkṣya) - having considered (having seen, having observed, considering)

• सर्वे (sarve) - all (the Kaurava warriors/generals) (all, everyone)

• धनंजय-अग्निम् (dhanaṁjaya-agnim) - Arjuna's ever-increasing martial prowess (the fire of Dhananjaya, Arjuna's fire (of wrath/prowess))

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• विवर्धमानम् (vivardhamānam) - ever-increasing (prowess) (increasing, growing, flourishing)

• निवर्तनाय (nivartanāya) - for the purpose of retreat (for turning back, for retreating)

• एव (eva) - solely, only (indeed, only, exactly)

• मनः (manaḥ) - their minds, resolve (mind, thought, intention)

• निदध्युः (nidadhyuḥ) - they firmly resolved (they set, they fixed, they resolved)

• दुर्योधनम् (duryodhanam) - Duryodhana

• ते (te) - they (the warriors/generals) (they, those)

• परिरक्षमाणाः (parirakṣamāṇāḥ) - while protecting (protecting, guarding, watching over)

Words meanings and morphology

तत् (tat) - those (words) (that, therefore, then, in that manner)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tat

tat - that, it

Note: Acts as an adjective for 'bhīṣmavākyam'.

भीष्मवाक्यम् (bhīṣmavākyam) - Bhishma's words (of counsel) (Bhishma's statement, Bhishma's words)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bhīṣmavākya

bhīṣmavākya - Bhishma's speech/words

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (bhīṣma+vākya)

• bhīṣma – Bhishma (name of a Kuru elder)
  proper noun (masculine)
• vākya – word, speech, statement, sentence
  noun (neuter)

Note: Object of the gerund 'īkṣya'.

हितम् (hitam) - beneficial (to them) (beneficial, salutary, good, advantageous)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of hita

hita - beneficial, suitable, good; welfare, benefit

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √dhā 'to place, put' + suffix -ta, with samprasāraṇa and internal sandhi.

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Agrees with 'bhīṣmavākyam'.

ईक्ष्य (īkṣya) - having considered (having seen, having observed, considering)

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Formed from the root √īkṣ 'to see' with the suffix -ya (after a prefix, but here it's an inherent root with a long vowel, so it takes -ya).

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

Note: Connects the action of observing with the main verb 'nidadhyuḥ'.

सर्वे (sarve) - all (the Kaurava warriors/generals) (all, everyone)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Note: Subject of 'nidadhyuḥ'.

धनंजय-अग्निम् (dhanaṁjaya-agnim) - Arjuna's ever-increasing martial prowess (the fire of Dhananjaya, Arjuna's fire (of wrath/prowess))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dhanaṃjayāgni

dhanaṁjayāgni - the fire of Dhananjaya

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (dhanaṃjaya+agni)

• dhanaṃjaya – conqueror of wealth, a name of Arjuna
  proper noun (masculine)
  Derived from dhana (wealth) + √ji (to conquer) with the suffix -a. A bahuvrihi compound meaning 'he who conquers wealth'.
  Root: ji (class 1)
• agni – fire, sacrificial fire, god of fire
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of 'īkṣya', qualified by 'vivardhamānam'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'bhīṣmavākyam' and 'dhanaṃjayāgnim'.

विवर्धमानम् (vivardhamānam) - ever-increasing (prowess) (increasing, growing, flourishing)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vivardhamāna

vivardhamāna - increasing, growing, developing

Present Active Participle (Ātmanepada)

Derived from prefix 'vi' + root '√vṛdh' (to grow, increase) + Śānac suffix (-māna).

Prefix: vi

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'dhanaṃjayāgnim'.

निवर्तनाय (nivartanāya) - for the purpose of retreat (for turning back, for retreating)

(noun)

Dative, neuter, singular of nivartana

nivartana - turning back, retreat, cessation

Derived from prefix 'ni' + root '√vṛt' (to turn) + suffix -ana.

Prefix: ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Expresses purpose for setting their minds.

एव (eva) - solely, only (indeed, only, exactly)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes that their intention was *only* to retreat.

मनः (manaḥ) - their minds, resolve (mind, thought, intention)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of manas

manas - mind, intellect, thought, intention

Note: Object of 'nidadhyuḥ'.

निदध्युः (nidadhyuḥ) - they firmly resolved (they set, they fixed, they resolved)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (Lit) of nidadhā

Compound verb from prefix 'ni' + root '√dhā' (to place).

Prefix: ni

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: The subject is 'sarve'.

दुर्योधनम् (duryodhanam) - Duryodhana

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana (a proper name, lit. 'hard to fight')

Compound of 'dur' (difficult) and 'yodhana' (fighting).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dur+yodhana)

• dur – difficult, bad, hard
  indeclinable
  Prefix or indeclinable meaning 'bad, hard, difficult'.
• yodhana – fighting, warrior
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from √yudh (to fight).
  Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Object of the present participle 'parirakṣamāṇāḥ'.

ते (te) - they (the warriors/generals) (they, those)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it, they

Note: Refers back to 'sarve', serving as the subject of the participle 'parirakṣamāṇāḥ' in apposition to 'sarve'.

परिरक्षमाणाः (parirakṣamāṇāḥ) - while protecting (protecting, guarding, watching over)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of parirakṣamāṇa

parirakṣamāṇa - protecting, guarding all around

Present Active Participle (Ātmanepada)

Derived from prefix 'pari' + root '√rakṣ' (to protect) + Śānac suffix (-māna).

Prefix: pari

Root: rakṣ (class 1)

Note: Describes the state or action of "all of them" ('sarve', 'te') as they resolve to retreat.