महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-42, verse-9

त्रिगर्तानां वयं हेतोर्मत्स्यान्योद्धुमिहागताः ।
मत्स्यानां विप्रकारांस्ते बहूनस्मानकीर्तयन् ॥९॥

9. trigartānāṁ vayaṁ hetormatsyānyoddhumihāgatāḥ ,
matsyānāṁ viprakārāṁste bahūnasmānakīrtayan.

9. trigartānām vayam hetoḥ matsyān yoddhum iha āgatāḥ
| matsyānām viprakārān te bahūn asmān akīrtayan

9. For the sake of the Trigartas, we have come here to fight the Matsyas. They recounted to us many offenses (viprakāra) committed by the Matsyas.

Words meanings summery:

• त्रिगर्तानाम् (trigartānām) - for the sake of the Trigartas (of the Trigartas (a people/region))

• वयम् (vayam) - we

• हेतोः (hetoḥ) - for the sake of (for the sake of, on account of, because of)

• मत्स्यान् (matsyān) - the Matsyas (people, kingdom) (the Matsyas (people))

• योद्धुम् (yoddhum) - to fight (to fight, for fighting)

• इह (iha) - here (here, in this place)

• आगताः (āgatāḥ) - have come (arrived, come)

• मत्स्यानाम् (matsyānām) - of the Matsyas

• विप्रकारान् (viprakārān) - offenses (offenses, injuries, insults)

• ते (te) - they (the Trigartas) (they)

• बहून् (bahūn) - many

• अस्मान् (asmān) - to us (us)

• अकीर्तयन् (akīrtayan) - they recounted (they recounted, they mentioned, they proclaimed)

Words meanings and morphology

त्रिगर्तानाम् (trigartānām) - for the sake of the Trigartas (of the Trigartas (a people/region))

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of trigarta

trigarta - the country of Trigarta; its inhabitants

Note: Indicates the party on whose behalf they are acting.

वयम् (vayam) - we

(pronoun)

Nominative, plural of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Subject of the first clause.

हेतोः (hetoḥ) - for the sake of (for the sake of, on account of, because of)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of hetu

hetu - cause, reason, motive; for the sake of

Root: hi

Note: Denotes purpose.

मत्स्यान् (matsyān) - the Matsyas (people, kingdom) (the Matsyas (people))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of matsya

matsya - fish; a king of the Matsyas; the Matsya people

Note: Object of the infinitive `yoddhum`.

योद्धुम् (yoddhum) - to fight (to fight, for fighting)

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

From root `yudh` with suffix `tumun`.

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Expresses purpose.

इह (iha) - here (here, in this place)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of place, modifying `āgatāḥ`.

आगताः (āgatāḥ) - have come (arrived, come)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, plural of āgata

āgata - come, arrived; happened

Past Passive Participle

From root `gam` (to go) with prefix `ā-`.

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `vayam`.

मत्स्यानाम् (matsyānām) - of the Matsyas

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of matsya

matsya - fish; a king of the Matsyas; the Matsya people

Note: Refers to the Matsya people.

विप्रकारान् (viprakārān) - offenses (offenses, injuries, insults)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of viprakāra

viprakāra - opposition, enmity; injury, offense, insult, ill-treatment

From `vi-pra-kṛ` (to act against).

Prefixes: vi+pra

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Object of `akīrtayan`.

ते (te) - they (the Trigartas) (they)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Subject of the second clause, referring to the Trigartas.

बहून् (bahūn) - many

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of bahu

bahu - many, much, numerous

Note: Qualifies `viprakārān`.

अस्मान् (asmān) - to us (us)

(pronoun)

Accusative, plural of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Direct object of `akīrtayan` or indirect object 'to us'.

अकीर्तयन् (akīrtayan) - they recounted (they recounted, they mentioned, they proclaimed)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of kīrt

Imperfect tense, from root `kṛt` (to praise, mention) in the causative sense.

Root: kṛt (class 10)