महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-42, verse-4

तेषां न तावन्निर्वृत्तं वर्तते तु त्रयोदशम् ।
अज्ञातवासं बीभत्सुरथास्माभिः समागतः ॥४॥

4. teṣāṁ na tāvannirvṛttaṁ vartate tu trayodaśam ,
ajñātavāsaṁ bībhatsurathāsmābhiḥ samāgataḥ.

4. teṣām na tāvat nirvr̥ttam vartate tu trayodaśam
ajñātavāsam bībhatsuḥ atha asmābhiḥ samāgataḥ

4. Their thirteenth year is not yet completed. Yet, Arjuna (Bībhatsu) has now come among us during his period of living in disguise (ajñātavāsa).

Words meanings summery:

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - their (referring to the Pāṇḍavas) (of them, their)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• तावत् (tāvat) - yet (so much, so long, yet, until then)

• निर्व्र्̥त्तम् (nirvr̥ttam) - completed (referring to the thirteenth year) (completed, finished, accomplished)

• वर्तते (vartate) - is (occurring) (to be, to exist, to happen, to occur)

• तु (tu) - yet (but, indeed, yet, on the other hand)

• त्रयोदशम् (trayodaśam) - the thirteenth (year) (thirteenth)

• अज्ञातवासम् (ajñātavāsam) - the period of living in disguise (referring to the Pāṇḍavas' final year of exile) (unknown residence, living in disguise, incognito)

• बीभत्सुः (bībhatsuḥ) - Arjuna (Arjuna (a name for Arjuna, meaning 'one who abhors evil'); loathsome, disgusting)

• अथ (atha) - now, yet (then, now, thereupon)

• अस्माभिः (asmābhiḥ) - among us, with us (Duryodhana and his allies) (by us, with us)

• समागतः (samāgataḥ) - has arrived, has come (come together, arrived, met)

Words meanings and morphology

तेषाम् (teṣām) - their (referring to the Pāṇḍavas) (of them, their)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

तावत् (tāvat) - yet (so much, so long, yet, until then)

(indeclinable)

निर्व्र्̥त्तम् (nirvr̥ttam) - completed (referring to the thirteenth year) (completed, finished, accomplished)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of nirvr̥tta

nirvr̥tta - finished, accomplished, completed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root vr̥t (to turn, exist) with prefix nir (out, forth)

Prefix: nir

Root: vr̥t (class 1)

Note: Governed by vartate, implying 'is completed'.

वर्तते (vartate) - is (occurring) (to be, to exist, to happen, to occur)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of vr̥t

Present Middle

3rd person singular present middle from root vr̥t

Root: vr̥t (class 1)

तु (tu) - yet (but, indeed, yet, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

त्रयोदशम् (trayodaśam) - the thirteenth (year) (thirteenth)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of trayodaśa

trayodaśa - thirteenth

Compound type : karmadhāraya (traya+daśa)

• traya – three
  numeral
• daśa – ten
  numeral

Note: Refers to the thirteenth year of exile.

अज्ञातवासम् (ajñātavāsam) - the period of living in disguise (referring to the Pāṇḍavas' final year of exile) (unknown residence, living in disguise, incognito)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ajñātavāsa

ajñātavāsa - incognito residence, living in disguise

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ajñāta+vāsa)

• ajñāta – unknown, not known
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root jñā (to know) with negative prefix a-
  Prefix: a
  Root: jñā (class 9)
• vāsa – residence, dwelling
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vas (class 1)

Note: Functions as an adverbial accusative of time or purpose.

बीभत्सुः (bībhatsuḥ) - Arjuna (Arjuna (a name for Arjuna, meaning 'one who abhors evil'); loathsome, disgusting)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bībhatsu

bībhatsu - Arjuna; loathsome, disgusting

अथ (atha) - now, yet (then, now, thereupon)

(indeclinable)

अस्माभिः (asmābhiḥ) - among us, with us (Duryodhana and his allies) (by us, with us)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, plural of asmad

asmad - we, us

Note: Used in the sense of 'among us'.

समागतः (samāgataḥ) - has arrived, has come (come together, arrived, met)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of samāgata

samāgata - come, arrived, met

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root gam (to go) with prefixes sam (together) and ā (towards)

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Functions as the main verb of the second clause. Syntactically an adjective agreeing with Bībhatsuḥ, but carries verbal force.