महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-42, verse-13

अथ वा तानुपायातो मत्स्यो जानपदैः सह ।
सर्वया सेनया सार्धमस्मान्योद्धुमुपागतः ॥१३॥

13. atha vā tānupāyāto matsyo jānapadaiḥ saha ,
sarvayā senayā sārdhamasmānyoddhumupāgataḥ.

13. atha vā tān upāyātaḥ matsyaḥ jānapadaiḥ saha
sarvayā senayā sārdham asmān yoddhum upāgataḥ

13. Or else, King Matsya (Virāṭa) himself, having approached his people, has arrived with his countrymen and his entire army to fight us.

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - now, then, moreover, or else

• वा (vā) - or, either

• तान् (tān) - King Virāṭa's people or the specific group of his soldiers/Pandavas (them, those)

• उपायातः (upāyātaḥ) - approached, arrived

• मत्स्यः (matsyaḥ) - King Matsya (Virāṭa) (Matsya (fish); a proper name)

• जानपदैः (jānapadaiḥ) - by/with the countrymen, by/with the inhabitants

• सह (saha) - with, together with

• सर्वया (sarvayā) - by/with all, entire

• सेनया (senayā) - by/with the army

• सार्धम् (sārdham) - with, together with

• अस्मान् (asmān) - the Kauravas (us)

• योद्धुम् (yoddhum) - to fight

• उपागतः (upāgataḥ) - has come, has approached, arrived

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - now, then, moreover, or else

(indeclinable)

वा (vā) - or, either

(indeclinable)

तान् (tān) - King Virāṭa's people or the specific group of his soldiers/Pandavas (them, those)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to King Virāṭa's people or the specific group of his soldiers/Pandavas already involved.

उपायातः (upāyātaḥ) - approached, arrived

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of upāyāta

upāyāta - approached, arrived, come near

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root i with prefixes upa- and ā-

Prefixes: upa+ā

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Agrees with Matsyaḥ.

मत्स्यः (matsyaḥ) - King Matsya (Virāṭa) (Matsya (fish); a proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of matsya

matsya - fish, a proper name (King Virāṭa's kingdom/name)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

जानपदैः (jānapadaiḥ) - by/with the countrymen, by/with the inhabitants

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of jānapada

jānapada - countryman, inhabitant, citizen

Note: Used with saha (with).

सह (saha) - with, together with

(indeclinable)

सर्वया (sarvayā) - by/with all, entire

(pronoun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of sarva

sarva - all, whole, entire

Note: Agrees with senayā.

सेनया (senayā) - by/with the army

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of senā

senā - army, host

Note: Used with sārdham (together with).

सार्धम् (sārdham) - with, together with

(indeclinable)

अस्मान् (asmān) - the Kauravas (us)

(pronoun)

Accusative, plural of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Object of the infinitive yoddhum.

योद्धुम् (yoddhum) - to fight

(indeclinable)

infinitive

Infinitive form of root yudh (4th class)

Root: yudh (class 4)

उपागतः (upāgataḥ) - has come, has approached, arrived

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of upāgata

upāgata - approached, arrived, come near

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root gam with prefixes upa- and ā-

Prefixes: upa+ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with Matsyaḥ. `upāyātaḥ` and `upāgataḥ` are near synonyms here, implying a sequence of actions.