महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-42, verse-21

तथा हि दृष्ट्वा बीभत्सुमुपायान्तं प्रशंसति ।
यथा सेना न भज्येत तथा नीतिर्विधीयताम् ॥२१॥

21. tathā hi dṛṣṭvā bībhatsumupāyāntaṁ praśaṁsati ,
yathā senā na bhajyeta tathā nītirvidhīyatām.

21. tathā hi dṛṣṭvā bībhatsum upāyāntam praśaṃsati
yathā senā na bhajyeta tathā nītiḥ vidhīyatām

21. Indeed, upon seeing Bībhatsu (Arjuna) approaching, he praises him. Therefore, let a strategy (nīti) be devised so that the army may not be broken.

Words meanings summery:

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, because, for

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• बीभत्सुम् (bībhatsum) - Arjuna (who is called Bībhatsu, one who inspires dread or disgust in foes) (Bībhatsu (name of Arjuna), abhorrent, disgusting)

• उपायान्तम् (upāyāntam) - approaching, coming near

• प्रशंसति (praśaṁsati) - he praises, commends

• यथा (yathā) - as, just as, so that

• सेना (senā) - army, host

• न (na) - not

• भज्येत (bhajyeta) - may be broken, may be routed, may be dispersed

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner, therefore

• नीतिः (nītiḥ) - policy, strategy, conduct, guidance (nīti)

• विधीयताम् (vidhīyatām) - let it be devised, let it be ordered

Words meanings and morphology

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

(indeclinable)

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, because, for

(indeclinable)

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

from root dṛś

Root: dṛś (class 1)

बीभत्सुम् (bībhatsum) - Arjuna (who is called Bībhatsu, one who inspires dread or disgust in foes) (Bībhatsu (name of Arjuna), abhorrent, disgusting)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bībhatsu

bībhatsu - disgusting, abhorrent; name of Arjuna

desiderative of root badh/bād (to oppress) or bhu (to be)

derived from the desiderative of √bhī (to fear) or √bādh (to oppress), meaning one who hates or causes aversion/disgust

Note: Arjuna is called Bībhatsu because he never commits a foul deed in battle, or because he inspires disgust in his enemies.

उपायान्तम् (upāyāntam) - approaching, coming near

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of upāyāt

upāyāt - approaching, coming near

Present Active Participle

from upa + ā + yā (to go)

Prefixes: upa+ā

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Participle, not a verb.

प्रशंसति (praśaṁsati) - he praises, commends

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of praśaṃs

Present Active

from pra + śaṃs (to praise), Parasmaipada

Prefix: pra

Root: śaṃs (class 1)

यथा (yathā) - as, just as, so that

(indeclinable)

सेना (senā) - army, host

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of senā

senā - army, host

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

भज्येत (bhajyeta) - may be broken, may be routed, may be dispersed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, optative (liṅ) of bhaj

Optative Passive

from root bhañj (to break), passive voice

Root: bhañj (class 7)

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner, therefore

(indeclinable)

नीतिः (nītiḥ) - policy, strategy, conduct, guidance (nīti)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of nīti

nīti - policy, strategy, conduct, guidance

from root nī (to lead)

Root: nī (class 1)

विधीयताम् (vidhīyatām) - let it be devised, let it be ordered

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, imperative (loṭ) of vidhā

Imperative Passive

from vi + dhā (to place, make), passive voice

Prefix: vi

Root: dhā (class 3)