महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-42, verse-12

ते वा गावो न पश्यन्ति यदि व स्युः पराजिताः ।
अस्मान्वाप्यतिसंधाय कुर्युर्मत्स्येन संगतम् ॥१२॥

12. te vā gāvo na paśyanti yadi va syuḥ parājitāḥ ,
asmānvāpyatisaṁdhāya kuryurmatsyena saṁgatam.

12. te vā gāvaḥ na paśyanti yadi va syuḥ parājitāḥ
asmān vā api atisandhāya kuryuḥ matsyena saṃgatam

12. Or perhaps they (our enemies) have not yet sighted the cows, or they might be defeated. Or, having outmaneuvered us, they could form an alliance with King Matsya (Virāṭa).

Words meanings summery:

• ते (te) - they, those

• वा (vā) - or, either

• गावः (gāvaḥ) - the stolen cattle (cows, cattle)

• न (na) - not, no

• पश्यन्ति (paśyanti) - they (our enemies) do not perceive / have not sighted (they see, they perceive, they behold)

• यदि (yadi) - if

• व (va) - or, either

• स्युः (syuḥ) - they may be, they should be

• पराजिताः (parājitāḥ) - defeated, conquered

• अस्मान् (asmān) - the Kauravas (us)

• वा (vā) - or, either

• अपि (api) - even, also, too

• अतिसन्धाय (atisandhāya) - having outmaneuvered, having deceived, having surpassed

• कुर्युः (kuryuḥ) - they would make, they should do

• मत्स्येन (matsyena) - with King Matsya (Virāṭa) (with Matsya, by Matsya)

• संगतम् (saṁgatam) - agreement, meeting, union, alliance

Words meanings and morphology

ते (te) - they, those

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the enemy forces.

वा (vā) - or, either

(indeclinable)

गावः (gāvaḥ) - the stolen cattle (cows, cattle)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of go

go - cow, cattle, earth, ray

Note: Contextually implied as objects of concern, or those not yet seen/perceived as stolen.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

पश्यन्ति (paśyanti) - they (our enemies) do not perceive / have not sighted (they see, they perceive, they behold)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of dṛś

present active

3rd person plural, present indicative, active voice (root dṛś, 4th class, changed to paśya-)

Root: dṛś (class 4)

Note: The subject is 'they' (our enemies). The object 'cows' is implied as not being seen, or not being seen as important.

यदि (yadi) - if

(indeclinable)

व (va) - or, either

(indeclinable)

स्युः (syuḥ) - they may be, they should be

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, optative (liṅ) of as

optative active

3rd person plural, optative, active voice

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Subject 'they' refers to the enemy forces.

पराजिताः (parājitāḥ) - defeated, conquered

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of parājita

parājita - defeated, conquered

Past Passive Participle

Derived from verb root ji with prefix parā-

Prefix: parā

Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Agrees with the implied 'they' (the enemies).

अस्मान् (asmān) - the Kauravas (us)

(pronoun)

Accusative, plural of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Refers to the Kauravas.

वा (vā) - or, either

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - even, also, too

(indeclinable)

अतिसन्धाय (atisandhāya) - having outmaneuvered, having deceived, having surpassed

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Absolutive from root dhā with prefixes ati- and sam-

Prefixes: ati+sam

Root: dhā (class 3)

कुर्युः (kuryuḥ) - they would make, they should do

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, optative (liṅ) of kṛ

optative active

3rd person plural, optative, active voice

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Subject 'they' refers to the enemy forces.

मत्स्येन (matsyena) - with King Matsya (Virāṭa) (with Matsya, by Matsya)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of matsya

matsya - fish, a proper name (King Virāṭa's kingdom/name)

संगतम् (saṁgatam) - agreement, meeting, union, alliance

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of saṃgata

saṁgata - met, joined, agreement, alliance

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root gam with prefix sam-

Prefix: sam

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Object of kuryuḥ.