महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-30, verse-4

ततो जवेन महता गोपाः पुरमथाव्रजत् ।
अपश्यन्मत्स्यराजं च रथात्प्रस्कन्द्य कुण्डली ॥४॥

4. tato javena mahatā gopāḥ puramathāvrajat ,
apaśyanmatsyarājaṁ ca rathātpraskandya kuṇḍalī.

4. tataḥ javena mahatā gopāḥ puram atha avrajaṭ
apaśyat matsyarājam ca rathāt praskandya kuṇḍalī

4. Then, with great speed, the cowherd (Bhallava) approached the city. Having leaped down from the chariot, wearing earrings, he saw the king of Matsya.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that

• जवेन (javena) - by speed, with swiftness

• महता (mahatā) - with great (speed) (by a great one, with great, by a large one)

• गोपाः (gopāḥ) - the cowherd (Bhallava/Bhima), treated as singular in this context despite the plural grammatical form (cowherds, protectors of cows)

• पुरम् (puram) - to the city (city, fortress, town)

• अथ (atha) - then, thereupon, moreover, now

• अव्रजट् (avrajaṭ) - he went, he proceeded

• अपश्यत् (apaśyat) - he saw, he perceived

• मत्स्यराजम् (matsyarājam) - King Virata, the king of the Matsyas (the king of Matsya)

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• रथात् (rathāt) - from the chariot

• प्रस्कन्द्य (praskandya) - having leaped down, having jumped off

• कुण्डली (kuṇḍalī) - wearing earrings (referring to the cowherd) (wearing earrings, having coils)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that

(indeclinable)

जवेन (javena) - by speed, with swiftness

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of java

java - speed, swiftness, quickness, velocity

Root: jū (class 1)

महता (mahatā) - with great (speed) (by a great one, with great, by a large one)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, mighty, considerable

गोपाः (gopāḥ) - the cowherd (Bhallava/Bhima), treated as singular in this context despite the plural grammatical form (cowherds, protectors of cows)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of gopa

gopa - cowherd, protector of cows, guardian

Root: gup (class 1)

Note: Grammatically plural, but contextually interpreted as singular, referring to Bhallava (Bhima in disguise).

पुरम् (puram) - to the city (city, fortress, town)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pura

pura - city, fortress, town, dwelling

अथ (atha) - then, thereupon, moreover, now

(indeclinable)

अव्रजट् (avrajaṭ) - he went, he proceeded

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of vraj

Root: vraj (class 1)

अपश्यत् (apaśyat) - he saw, he perceived

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of dṛś

Root: dṛś (class 1)

मत्स्यराजम् (matsyarājam) - King Virata, the king of the Matsyas (the king of Matsya)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of matsyarāja

matsyarāja - king of Matsya, ruler of the Matsya kingdom

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (matsya+rājan)

• matsya – fish, a fish, name of a people/kingdom
  noun (masculine)
• rājan – king, ruler, sovereign
  noun (masculine)

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

रथात् (rathāt) - from the chariot

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car, vehicle

Root: ram (class 1)

प्रस्कन्द्य (praskandya) - having leaped down, having jumped off

(indeclinable)

Prefix: pra

Root: skand (class 1)

Note: Absolutive (gerund) form.

कुण्डली (kuṇḍalī) - wearing earrings (referring to the cowherd) (wearing earrings, having coils)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kuṇḍalin

kuṇḍalin - wearing earrings, coiled, ringed, having a circular mark

Derived from 'kuṇḍala' (earring) with the possessive suffix '-in'.