महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-30, verse-2

व्यतीतः समयः सम्यग्वसतां वै पुरोत्तमे ।
कुर्वतां तस्य कर्माणि विराटस्य महीपतेः ॥२॥

2. vyatītaḥ samayaḥ samyagvasatāṁ vai purottame ,
kurvatāṁ tasya karmāṇi virāṭasya mahīpateḥ.

2. vyatītaḥ samayaḥ samyak vasatām vai pura uttame
kurvatām tasya karmāṇi virāṭasya mahīpateḥ

2. Indeed, their time had properly passed while they were dwelling in the excellent city and performing the tasks of that King Virāṭa.

Words meanings summery:

• व्यतीतः (vyatītaḥ) - passed, elapsed

• समयः (samayaḥ) - the agreed period of exile (time, agreement, convention)

• सम्यक् (samyak) - properly, completely, rightly

• वसताम् (vasatām) - of the Pāṇḍavas who were dwelling (of those dwelling, while dwelling)

• वै (vai) - indeed, certainly

• पुर (pura) - city, town

• उत्तमे (uttame) - in the best, in the excellent

• कुर्वताम् (kurvatām) - of the Pāṇḍavas who were performing (of those performing, while performing)

• तस्य (tasya) - of King Virāṭa (his, of him)

• कर्माणि (karmāṇi) - tasks, deeds, actions

• विराटस्य (virāṭasya) - of Virāṭa

• महीपतेः (mahīpateḥ) - of the king, of the lord of the earth

Words meanings and morphology

व्यतीतः (vyatītaḥ) - passed, elapsed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vyatīta

vyatīta - passed, elapsed, gone by

Past Passive Participle

From prefix 'vi' + 'ati' + root 'i' (to go).

Prefixes: vi+ati

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Predicate for 'samayaḥ'.

समयः (samayaḥ) - the agreed period of exile (time, agreement, convention)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of samaya

samaya - time, season, appointment, convention

From prefix 'sam' + root 'i' (to go).

Prefix: sam

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

सम्यक् (samyak) - properly, completely, rightly

(indeclinable)

Root: añc (class 6)

Note: Modifies the passing of time.

वसताम् (vasatām) - of the Pāṇḍavas who were dwelling (of those dwelling, while dwelling)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of vasat

vasat - dwelling, residing

Present Active Participle

From root 'vas' (to dwell).

Root: vas (class 1)

Note: Qualifies the Pāṇḍavas, indicating their state.

वै (vai) - indeed, certainly

(indeclinable)

Note: Adds emphasis.

पुर (pura) - city, town

(noun)

neuter, singular of pura

pura - city, town

Note: First part of the compound 'purottame'.

उत्तमे (uttame) - in the best, in the excellent

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of uttama

uttama - best, excellent, highest

Superlative form of 'ud'.

Note: Qualifies 'pura'.

कुर्वताम् (kurvatām) - of the Pāṇḍavas who were performing (of those performing, while performing)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of kurvat

kurvat - doing, performing, making

Present Active Participle

From root 'kṛ' (to do).

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Qualifies the Pāṇḍavas, indicating their action.

तस्य (tasya) - of King Virāṭa (his, of him)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he

Note: Possessive pronoun for 'karmāṇi'.

कर्माणि (karmāṇi) - tasks, deeds, actions

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of karman

karman - action, deed, work, ritual

From root 'kṛ' (to do), suffix 'man'.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Object of 'kurvatām'.

विराटस्य (virāṭasya) - of Virāṭa

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of virāṭa

virāṭa - Virāṭa (name of a king)

Note: Possessor of the tasks.

महीपतेः (mahīpateḥ) - of the king, of the lord of the earth

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of mahīpati

mahīpati - king, lord of the earth

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mahī+pati)

• mahī – earth, land
  noun (feminine)
  Root: mah (class 1)
• pati – master, lord, husband
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'pā' (to protect).
  Root: pā (class 2)

Note: Further description of Virāṭa.