महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-30, verse-19

अथ मत्स्योऽब्रवीद्राजा शतानीकं जघन्यजम् ।
कङ्कबल्लवगोपाला दामग्रन्थिश्च वीर्यवान् ।
युध्येयुरिति मे बुद्धिर्वर्तते नात्र संशयः ॥१९॥

19. atha matsyo'bravīdrājā śatānīkaṁ jaghanyajam ,
kaṅkaballavagopālā dāmagranthiśca vīryavān ,
yudhyeyuriti me buddhirvartate nātra saṁśayaḥ.

19. atha matsyaḥ abravīt rājā śatānīkaṃ
jaghanyajam kaṅkaballavagopālāḥ
dāmagranthiḥ ca vīryavān yudhyeyuḥ iti
me buddhiḥ vartate na atra saṃśayaḥ

19. Then King Matsya spoke to Śatānīka, his youngest brother: "My belief is that Kaṅka, Vallava, Gopāla, and the powerful Dāmagranthi should fight; there is no doubt about this."

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - then (then, now, moreover)

• मत्स्यः (matsyaḥ) - King Matsya (Matsya, a fish)

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke (he spoke, he said)

• राजा (rājā) - King (Matsya) (king)

• शतानीकं (śatānīkaṁ) - to Śatānīka (King Matsya's younger brother) (to Śatānīka)

• जघन्यजम् (jaghanyajam) - his youngest brother (youngest born, younger brother)

• कङ्कबल्लवगोपालाः (kaṅkaballavagopālāḥ) - Kaṅka, Vallava, and Gopāla (these three individuals) (Kanka, Vallava, and Gopāla (collective plural))

• दामग्रन्थिः (dāmagranthiḥ) - Dāmagranthi (Nakula in disguise) (Dāmagranthi (a proper name))

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• वीर्यवान् (vīryavān) - powerful (powerful, valiant, heroic)

• युध्येयुः (yudhyeyuḥ) - they should fight (they should fight, they might fight)

• इति (iti) - thus, that (introducing indirect speech) (thus, so, indicating quoted speech or thought)

• मे (me) - my (to me, for me, my)

• बुद्धिः (buddhiḥ) - belief, thought (intellect, understanding, opinion, thought)

• वर्तते (vartate) - is present (exists, is, happens, turns)

• न (na) - not (no, not)

• अत्र (atra) - about this (here, in this place, in this matter)

• संशयः (saṁśayaḥ) - doubt (doubt, uncertainty)

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - then (then, now, moreover)

(indeclinable)

मत्स्यः (matsyaḥ) - King Matsya (Matsya, a fish)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of matsya

matsya - fish; the Matsya king/dynasty

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke (he spoke, he said)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Root brū, 2nd class. Imperfect active, 3rd person singular.

Root: brū (class 2)

राजा (rājā) - King (Matsya) (king)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

n-stem noun.

Root: rāj

शतानीकं (śatānīkaṁ) - to Śatānīka (King Matsya's younger brother) (to Śatānīka)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śatānīka

śatānīka - Śatānīka (a proper name)

जघन्यजम् (jaghanyajam) - his youngest brother (youngest born, younger brother)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of jaghanyaja

jaghanyaja - youngest born, born last, younger brother

From jaghanya (last, hindmost) + ja (born from).

Compound type : tatpurusha (jaghanya+ja)

• jaghanya – last, hindmost, lowest
  adjective (masculine)
• ja – born from, produced from (suffix)
  noun (masculine)
  Suffix from root jan (to be born)
  Root: jan (class 4)

कङ्कबल्लवगोपालाः (kaṅkaballavagopālāḥ) - Kaṅka, Vallava, and Gopāla (these three individuals) (Kanka, Vallava, and Gopāla (collective plural))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kaṅkaballavagopāla

kaṅkaballavagopāla - A collective term for Kanka, Vallava, and Gopāla (names of the Pāṇḍavas in disguise).

Dvandva compound of proper nouns.

Compound type : dvandva (kaṅka+vallava+gopāla)

• kaṅka – name of Yudhiṣṭhira in disguise
  proper noun (masculine)
• vallava – name of Bhīma in disguise (cook)
  proper noun (masculine)
• gopāla – cowherd; name of Sahadeva in disguise
  proper noun (masculine)

Note: The āḥ ending is the nominative plural form for the dvandva compound.

दामग्रन्थिः (dāmagranthiḥ) - Dāmagranthi (Nakula in disguise) (Dāmagranthi (a proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dāmagranthi

dāmagranthi - Dāmagranthi (name of Nakula in disguise, meaning 'knower of ropes' for horses)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

वीर्यवान् (vīryavān) - powerful (powerful, valiant, heroic)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vīryavat

vīryavat - powerful, valiant, heroic, energetic

From vīrya (valor, strength) + matup (possessive suffix).

Note: Adjective modifying Dāmagranthiḥ.

युध्येयुः (yudhyeyuḥ) - they should fight (they should fight, they might fight)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, optative (liṅ) of yudh

Root yudh, 4th class (yudhyate). Optative active, 3rd person plural.

Root: yudh (class 4)

इति (iti) - thus, that (introducing indirect speech) (thus, so, indicating quoted speech or thought)

(indeclinable)

मे (me) - my (to me, for me, my)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Enclitic form of asmad.

बुद्धिः (buddhiḥ) - belief, thought (intellect, understanding, opinion, thought)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of buddhi

buddhi - intellect, understanding, perception, opinion, thought

Root budh + ktin.

Root: budh (class 1)

वर्तते (vartate) - is present (exists, is, happens, turns)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of vṛt

Root vṛt, 1st class (vartate). Present middle, 3rd person singular.

Root: vṛt (class 1)

न (na) - not (no, not)

(indeclinable)

अत्र (atra) - about this (here, in this place, in this matter)

(indeclinable)

From demonstrative base a + tra (locative suffix).

संशयः (saṁśayaḥ) - doubt (doubt, uncertainty)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃśaya

saṁśaya - doubt, uncertainty, hesitation

From sam + śī (to lie) to waver or doubt.

Prefix: sam

Root: śī (class 2)