महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-30, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
ततस्तेषां महाराज तत्रैवामिततेजसाम् ।
छद्मलिङ्गप्रविष्टानां पाण्डवानां महात्मनाम् ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
tatasteṣāṁ mahārāja tatraivāmitatejasām ,
chadmaliṅgapraviṣṭānāṁ pāṇḍavānāṁ mahātmanām.

1. vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca tataḥ teṣām mahārāja tatra eva
amitatejasām chadmaliṅgapraviṣṭānām pāṇḍavānām mahātmanām

1. Vaiśampāyana said: "Then, O great king, concerning those great-souled Pāṇḍavas, who possessed immeasurable splendor and had entered there in disguised forms."

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - Vaiśampāyana, the narrator (Vaiśampāyana)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them, their

• महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king!

• तत्र (tatra) - in Virāṭa's kingdom (there, in that place)

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, exactly

• अमिततेजसाम् (amitatejasām) - of those of immeasurable splendor/energy

• छद्मलिङ्गप्रविष्टानाम् (chadmaliṅgapraviṣṭānām) - of those who had entered with disguised forms, disguised

• पाण्डवानाम् (pāṇḍavānām) - of the Pāṇḍavas

• महात्मनाम् (mahātmanām) - of the great-souled ones, of noble-minded ones

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - Vaiśampāyana, the narrator (Vaiśampāyana)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Vaiśampāyana (name of a sage)

Note: The narrator.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

perfect

Root 'vac', perfect 3rd person singular active.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Predicate for Vaiśampāyana.

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects events chronologically.

तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them, their

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Indicates possession or relation, linked to 'samayaḥ' in the subsequent verse.

महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king!

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārājan

mahārājan - great king, emperor

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahat+rājan)

• mahat – great, large
  adjective
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

Note: Address to the listener, King Janamejaya.

तत्र (tatra) - in Virāṭa's kingdom (there, in that place)

(indeclinable)

Note: Refers to the location where the Pāṇḍavas were residing (Virāṭa's city).

एव (eva) - indeed, only, exactly

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes 'tatra'.

अमिततेजसाम् (amitatejasām) - of those of immeasurable splendor/energy

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of amitatejas

amitatejas - of immeasurable splendor, of boundless energy

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (amita+tejas)

• amita – immeasurable, unlimited
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From negative prefix 'a' + root 'mā' (to measure).
  Root: mā (class 2)
• tejas – splendor, energy, might
  noun (neuter)

Note: Refers to the Pāṇḍavas.

छद्मलिङ्गप्रविष्टानाम् (chadmaliṅgapraviṣṭānām) - of those who had entered with disguised forms, disguised

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of chadmaliṅgapraviṣṭa

chadmaliṅgapraviṣṭa - having entered with disguised forms

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (chadman+liṅga+praviṣṭa)

• chadman – disguise, deception
  noun (neuter)
  From root 'chad' (to cover).
  Root: chad (class 10)
• liṅga – mark, sign, form, characteristic
  noun (neuter)
• praviṣṭa – entered
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From prefix 'pra' + root 'viś' (to enter).
  Prefix: pra
  Root: viś (class 6)

Note: Refers to the Pāṇḍavas.

पाण्डवानाम् (pāṇḍavānām) - of the Pāṇḍavas

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu, Pāṇḍava

Note: The main noun being described.

महात्मनाम् (mahātmanām) - of the great-souled ones, of noble-minded ones

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble, noble-minded

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahat+ātman)

• mahat – great, large
  adjective
• ātman – self, soul, spirit
  noun (masculine)
  Root: an (class 2)

Note: Refers to the Pāṇḍavas.