महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-27, verse-11

अवश्यं त्विह धीरेण सतां मध्ये विवक्षता ।
यथामति विवक्तव्यं सर्वशो धर्मलिप्सया ॥११॥

11. avaśyaṁ tviha dhīreṇa satāṁ madhye vivakṣatā ,
yathāmati vivaktavyaṁ sarvaśo dharmalipsayā.

11. avaśyam tu iha dhīreṇa satām madhye vivakṣatā
yathāmati vivaktavyam sarvaśaḥ dharmalipsayā

11. Indeed, here, a wise person, when wishing to speak among the virtuous, must express (their views) fully, according to their own understanding, with the sole desire to uphold natural law (dharma).

Words meanings summery:

• अवश्यम् (avaśyam) - certainly, necessarily, definitely

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• इह (iha) - here, in this world, in this matter

• धीरेण (dhīreṇa) - by the wise one, by the firm one, by the patient one

• सताम् (satām) - of the good, of the virtuous, of the existent ones

• मध्ये (madhye) - in the midst, among, in the middle

• विवक्षता (vivakṣatā) - by one wishing to speak, by one desirous of speaking

• यथामति (yathāmati) - according to one's understanding, as far as one's intellect allows

• विवक्तव्यम् (vivaktavyam) - should be spoken, to be said

• सर्वशः (sarvaśaḥ) - completely, in every way, universally

• धर्मलिप्सया (dharmalipsayā) - by the desire for natural law (dharma), by the wish for righteousness

Words meanings and morphology

अवश्यम् (avaśyam) - certainly, necessarily, definitely

(indeclinable)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

इह (iha) - here, in this world, in this matter

(indeclinable)

धीरेण (dhīreṇa) - by the wise one, by the firm one, by the patient one

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of dhīra

dhīra - wise, firm, patient, steady

Root: dhīr

सताम् (satām) - of the good, of the virtuous, of the existent ones

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of sat

sat - existent, real, good, virtuous, noble

Present Active Participle

Present active participle of root 'as' (to be).

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Refers to good people.

मध्ये (madhye) - in the midst, among, in the middle

(indeclinable)

Note: Functions as a preposition 'among'.

विवक्षता (vivakṣatā) - by one wishing to speak, by one desirous of speaking

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vivakṣat

vivakṣat - wishing to speak, desirous of speaking

Desiderative Present Active Participle

Derived from the desiderative stem of root 'vac' (to speak) with suffix -at.

Root: vac (class 2)

यथामति (yathāmati) - according to one's understanding, as far as one's intellect allows

(indeclinable)

Avyayībhāva compound of 'yathā' (as, according to) and 'mati' (intellect, understanding).

Compound type : avyayībhāva (yathā+mati)

• yathā – as, according to, just as
  indeclinable
• mati – intellect, understanding, thought, intention
  noun (feminine)
  Derived from root man (to think).
  Root: man (class 4)

विवक्तव्यम् (vivaktavyam) - should be spoken, to be said

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vivaktavya

vivaktavya - to be spoken, speakable, what should be said

Gerundive/Future Passive Participle

Derived from root vac (to speak) with suffix -tavya.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: The implied subject is 'it' (the matter being discussed).

सर्वशः (sarvaśaḥ) - completely, in every way, universally

(indeclinable)

Derived from 'sarva' (all) with the suffix -śaḥ.

धर्मलिप्सया (dharmalipsayā) - by the desire for natural law (dharma), by the wish for righteousness

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of dharmalipsā

dharmalipsā - desire for natural law (dharma), desire for righteousness

Compound of 'dharma' (natural law, righteousness) and 'lipsā' (desire, wish).

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (dharma+lipsā)

• dharma – natural law, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty, virtue, cosmic order
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root dhṛ (to uphold, support).
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• lipsā – desire, wish, longing
  noun (feminine)
  Derived from the desiderative stem of labh (to obtain).
  Root: labh (class 1)