महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-27, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
ततः शांतनवो भीष्मो भरतानां पितामहः ।
श्रुतवान्देशकालज्ञस्तत्त्वज्ञः सर्वधर्मवित् ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
tataḥ śāṁtanavo bhīṣmo bharatānāṁ pitāmahaḥ ,
śrutavāndeśakālajñastattvajñaḥ sarvadharmavit.

1. vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca | tataḥ
śāṃtanavaḥ bhīṣmaḥ bharatānām
pitāmahaḥ | śrutavān deśa-kāla-jñaḥ
tattva-jñaḥ sarva-dharma-vit

1. Vaiśaṃpāyana said: Then Bhīṣma, the descendant of Śāntanu and the grandfather of the Bhāratas, who was learned, knowledgeable of place and time, a knower of truth, and conversant with all principles of natural law (dharma), (spoke).

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - Vaiśaṃpāyana (proper name)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (he said, he spoke)

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thereupon, from that)

• शांतनवः (śāṁtanavaḥ) - descendant of Śāntanu (descendant of Śāntanu, son of Śāntanu)

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhīṣma (proper name)

• भरतानाम् (bharatānām) - of the Bhāratas (of the Bhāratas (descendants of Bharata))

• पितामहः (pitāmahaḥ) - grandfather (grandfather, paternal grandfather)

• श्रुतवान् (śrutavān) - learned (learned, wise, one who has heard)

• देश-काल-ज्ञः (deśa-kāla-jñaḥ) - knowledgeable of place and time (knower of place and time, sagacious)

• तत्त्व-ज्ञः (tattva-jñaḥ) - a knower of truth (knower of truth, knower of reality, philosopher)

• सर्व-धर्म-वित् (sarva-dharma-vit) - conversant with all principles of natural law (dharma) (knower of all natural laws (dharma), all duties)

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - Vaiśaṃpāyana (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Vaiśaṃpāyana (name of a sage, a disciple of Vyāsa, narrator of Mahābhārata)

Patronymic of a descendant of Viśampāyana.

उवाच (uvāca) - said (he said, he spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of √vac

Perfect Tense (Liṭ), Third Person Singular

Parasmaipada, from root √vac (to speak). Irregular past tense form.

Root: vac (class 2)

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thereupon, from that)

(indeclinable)

Adverb.

शांतनवः (śāṁtanavaḥ) - descendant of Śāntanu (descendant of Śāntanu, son of Śāntanu)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śāṃtanava

śāṁtanava - descendant of Śāntanu (Bhīṣma)

Patronymic from Śāntanu.

Note: Refers to Bhīṣma.

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhīṣma (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhīṣma (one of the principal characters of the Mahābhārata)

From root √bhī (to fear) + ṣma suffix (causing fear, formidable), name meaning 'the formidable one'.

Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: The main subject.

भरतानाम् (bharatānām) - of the Bhāratas (of the Bhāratas (descendants of Bharata))

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of bharata

bharata - Bharata (a legendary emperor), descendant of Bharata, an Indian.

Root: bhṛ (class 3)

पितामहः (pitāmahaḥ) - grandfather (grandfather, paternal grandfather)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pitāmaha

pitāmaha - paternal grandfather, ancestor

Compound of pitṛ (father) + maha (great), literally 'great father'.

श्रुतवान् (śrutavān) - learned (learned, wise, one who has heard)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śrutavat

śrutavat - possessed of learning, wise, learned, having heard

Past Active Participle

From root √śru (to hear) + vat suffix (possessing/having done).

Root: śru (class 5)

देश-काल-ज्ञः (deśa-kāla-jñaḥ) - knowledgeable of place and time (knower of place and time, sagacious)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of deśakālajña

deśakālajña - knowing place and time, sagacious, prudent

Compound meaning 'knower of deśa and kāla'.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (deśa+kāla+jña)

• deśa – place, region, country
  noun (masculine)
• kāla – time, season
  noun (masculine)
• jña – knower, understanding
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root √jñā (to know).
  Root: jñā (class 9)

तत्त्व-ज्ञः (tattva-jñaḥ) - a knower of truth (knower of truth, knower of reality, philosopher)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tattvajña

tattvajña - knowing the truth, conversant with reality, philosopher

Compound meaning 'knower of tattva'.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tattva+jña)

• tattva – truth, reality, essential nature, principle
  noun (neuter)
• jña – knower, understanding
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root √jñā (to know).
  Root: jñā (class 9)

सर्व-धर्म-वित् (sarva-dharma-vit) - conversant with all principles of natural law (dharma) (knower of all natural laws (dharma), all duties)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sarvadharmavid

sarvadharmavid - knowing all duties, conversant with all principles of dharma

Compound meaning 'knower of all dharma'.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sarva+dharma+vid)

• sarva – all, every, whole
  adjective
• dharma – natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• vid – knower, understanding
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root √vid (to know).
  Root: vid (class 2)