महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-91, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
ततः प्रयान्तं कौन्तेयं ब्राह्मणा वनवासिनः ।
अभिगम्य तदा राजन्निदं वचनमब्रुवन् ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
tataḥ prayāntaṁ kaunteyaṁ brāhmaṇā vanavāsinaḥ ,
abhigamya tadā rājannidaṁ vacanamabruvan.

1. vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca tataḥ prayāntam kaunteyam brāhmaṇā
vanavāsinaḥ abhigamya tadā rājan idam vacanam abruvan

1. Vaiśampāyana said: Then, O King Janamejaya, the Brāhmaṇas dwelling in the forest approached the departing son of Kunti (Yudhiṣṭhira) and spoke these words.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - Vaiśampāyana

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from there

• प्रयान्तम् (prayāntam) - departing, going forth

• कौन्तेयम् (kaunteyam) - to Yudhiṣṭhira (to the son of Kunti)

• ब्राह्मणा (brāhmaṇā) - the Brāhmaṇas, priests

• वनवासिनः (vanavāsinaḥ) - Brāhmaṇas dwelling in the forest (forest-dwellers, ascetics)

• अभिगम्य (abhigamya) - having approached

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• राजन् (rājan) - O King Janamejaya (O King)

• इदम् (idam) - this, these

• वचनम् (vacanam) - word, speech, saying

• अब्रुवन् (abruvan) - they spoke, they said

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - Vaiśampāyana

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Vaiśampāyana (a sage, narrator of the Mahābhārata to Janamejaya)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice.

From root `vac`. Irregular perfect form.

Root: vac (class 2)

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from there

(indeclinable)

Adverb derived from `tad`.

प्रयान्तम् (prayāntam) - departing, going forth

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pra-yā

yā - to go, move

Present Active Participle

From root `yā` with prefix `pra`. `yānt` stem.

Prefix: pra

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Participle functioning as an adjective.

कौन्तेयम् (kaunteyam) - to Yudhiṣṭhira (to the son of Kunti)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kaunteya

kaunteya - son of Kunti (e.g., Yudhiṣṭhira, Bhīma, Arjuna)

Patronymic from `kuntī`.

Note: Object of `abhigamya`.

ब्राह्मणा (brāhmaṇā) - the Brāhmaṇas, priests

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - a Brāhmaṇa, a priest, belonging to Brahman

From `brahman`.

वनवासिनः (vanavāsinaḥ) - Brāhmaṇas dwelling in the forest (forest-dwellers, ascetics)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vanavāsin

vanavāsin - dwelling in a forest, forest-dweller, hermit

Compound `vana` (forest) + `vāsin` (dweller, from root `vas` 'to dwell').

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vana+vāsin)

• vana – forest, wood, grove
  noun (neuter)
• vāsin – dwelling, residing, dweller
  noun (masculine)
  Agent Noun / Agentive Suffix -in
  From root `vas` 'to dwell' with suffix `-in`.
  Root: vas (class 1)

अभिगम्य (abhigamya) - having approached

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From root `gam` with prefix `abhi`. Suffix `ya` indicates absolutive for prefixed verbs.

Prefix: abhi

Root: gam (class 1)

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

Adverb derived from `tad`.

राजन् (rājan) - O King Janamejaya (O King)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

n-stem noun.

Root: rāj (class 1)

इदम् (idam) - this, these

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, these (neuter)

Demonstrative pronoun.

वचनम् (vacanam) - word, speech, saying

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacana

vacana - word, speech, declaration, statement

From root `vac` 'to speak'.

Root: vac (class 2)

अब्रुवन् (abruvan) - they spoke, they said

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Imperfect tense, 3rd person plural, active voice.

From root `brū` (class 2). Augment `a-` for imperfect.

Root: brū (class 2)