महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-79, verse-4

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
गते तु काम्यकात्तात पाण्डवे सव्यसाचिनि ।
बभूवुः कौरवेयास्ते दुःखशोकपरायणाः ॥४॥

4. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
gate tu kāmyakāttāta pāṇḍave savyasācini ,
babhūvuḥ kauraveyāste duḥkhaśokaparāyaṇāḥ.

4. vaiśaṃpāyanaḥ uvāca gate tu kāmyakāt tāta pāṇḍave
savyasācini babhūvuḥ kauraveyāḥ te duḥkhaśokaparāyaṇāḥ

4. Vaiśaṃpāyana said: 'But when Arjuna (Savyasācin), the son of Pāṇḍu, had departed from Kāmyaka, O dear one, those Kauravas became utterly immersed in sorrow and grief.'

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - Vaiśaṃpāyana (name of a sage)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• गते (gate) - having gone, departed

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• काम्यकात् (kāmyakāt) - from Kāmyaka (forest)

• तात (tāta) - O dear one (vocative address) (dear one, father, son)

• पाण्डवे (pāṇḍave) - in Arjuna (the Pāṇḍava) (in the Pāṇḍava, in the son of Pāṇḍu)

• सव्यसाचिनि (savyasācini) - in Arjuna (in Savyasācin (Arjuna))

• बभूवुः (babhūvuḥ) - they became

• कौरवेयाः (kauraveyāḥ) - Kauravas (descendants of Kuru)

• ते (te) - those, they

• दुःखशोकपरायणाः (duḥkhaśokaparāyaṇāḥ) - absorbed in sorrow and grief, overwhelmed by distress and lamentation

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - Vaiśaṃpāyana (name of a sage)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Vaiśaṃpāyana (a pupil of Vyāsa, narrator of the Mahābhārata)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

गते (gate) - having gone, departed

(participle)

Locative, masculine, singular of gata

gata - gone, departed, arrived

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of root gam

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Used in locative absolute construction

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

काम्यकात् (kāmyakāt) - from Kāmyaka (forest)

(proper noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of kāmyaka

kāmyaka - Kāmyaka (name of a forest)

तात (tāta) - O dear one (vocative address) (dear one, father, son)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of tāta

tāta - father, dear one, darling

पाण्डवे (pāṇḍave) - in Arjuna (the Pāṇḍava) (in the Pāṇḍava, in the son of Pāṇḍu)

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu, a Pāṇḍava (son of Pāṇḍu)

patronymic from Pāṇḍu

Note: Used in locative absolute construction

सव्यसाचिनि (savyasācini) - in Arjuna (in Savyasācin (Arjuna))

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of savyasācin

savyasācin - ambidextrous, one who can shoot with the left hand (an epithet of Arjuna)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (savya+sācin)

• savya – left (hand)
  adjective (masculine)
• sācin – shooter, thrower
  noun (masculine)
  agent noun
  Derived from root sāc (to shoot) or sṛj (to throw) with suffix -in

Note: Used in locative absolute construction

बभूवुः (babhūvuḥ) - they became

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

कौरवेयाः (kauraveyāḥ) - Kauravas (descendants of Kuru)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kauraveya

kauraveya - a descendant of Kuru, a Kaurava

patronymic from Kuru

ते (te) - those, they

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

दुःखशोकपरायणाः (duḥkhaśokaparāyaṇāḥ) - absorbed in sorrow and grief, overwhelmed by distress and lamentation

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of duḥkhaśokaparāyaṇa

duḥkhaśokaparāyaṇa - devoted to sorrow and grief, immersed in distress and lamentation

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (duḥkha+śoka+parāyaṇa)

• duḥkha – suffering, pain, misery, sorrow
  noun (neuter)
• śoka – grief, lamentation, sorrow
  noun (masculine)
  Root: śuc (class 1)
• parāyaṇa – devoted to, intent on, dependent on, ultimate goal
  adjective (masculine)
  Prefix: parā
  Root: i (class 2)