महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-79, verse-3

तेनेन्द्रसमवीर्येण संग्रामेष्वनिवर्तिना ।
विनाभूता वने वीराः कथमासन्पितामहाः ॥३॥

3. tenendrasamavīryeṇa saṁgrāmeṣvanivartinā ,
vinābhūtā vane vīrāḥ kathamāsanpitāmahāḥ.

3. tena indrasamavīryeṇa saṅgrāmeṣu anivartinā
vinābhūtāḥ vane vīrāḥ katham āsan pitāmahāḥ

3. Bereft of him—whose valor was equal to Indra's and who never retreated in battles—how were the heroic forefathers (Pāṇḍavas) able to remain in the forest?

Words meanings summery:

• तेन (tena) - by him, by that

• इन्द्रसमवीर्येण (indrasamavīryeṇa) - by one whose valor is equal to Indra's

• सङ्ग्रामेषु (saṅgrāmeṣu) - in battles, in fights

• अनिवर्तिना (anivartinā) - by one who does not turn back, by one who is unwavering

• विनाभूताः (vinābhūtāḥ) - separated from, bereft of, being without

• वने (vane) - in the forest

• वीराः (vīrāḥ) - heroes, valiant ones

• कथम् (katham) - how? in what manner?

• आसन् (āsan) - were

• पितामहाः (pitāmahāḥ) - forefathers (referring to the Pāṇḍavas) (grandfathers, forefathers)

Words meanings and morphology

तेन (tena) - by him, by that

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

इन्द्रसमवीर्येण (indrasamavīryeṇa) - by one whose valor is equal to Indra's

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of indrasamavīrya

indrasamavīrya - having valor equal to Indra, as valiant as Indra

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (indra+sama+vīrya)

• indra – Indra (king of the gods)
  proper noun (masculine)
• sama – equal, similar, same
  adjective (masculine)
• vīrya – valor, strength, heroism
  noun (neuter)
  Root: vīr (class 10)

सङ्ग्रामेषु (saṅgrāmeṣu) - in battles, in fights

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of saṅgrāma

saṅgrāma - battle, combat, war

Prefix: sam

Root: gram (class 1)

अनिवर्तिना (anivartinā) - by one who does not turn back, by one who is unwavering

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of anivartin

anivartin - not turning back, unwavering, persistent

agent noun

Derived from root vṛt with ni and a (negative prefix)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+nivartin)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• nivartin – one who turns back, retreats
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun
  Derived from root vṛt with prefix ni and -in suffix
  Prefix: ni
  Root: vṛt (class 1)

विनाभूताः (vinābhūtāḥ) - separated from, bereft of, being without

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vinābhūta

vinābhūta - separated from, bereft of, being without

Past Passive Participle

Compound of vinā (without) and bhūta (been, become)

Compound type : avyayībhāva (vinā+bhūta)

• vinā – without, except
  indeclinable
• bhūta – been, become, existing
  participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Past Passive Participle of root bhū
  Root: bhū (class 1)

वने (vane) - in the forest

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove

वीराः (vīrāḥ) - heroes, valiant ones

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vīra

vīra - hero, brave, valiant

कथम् (katham) - how? in what manner?

(indeclinable)

आसन् (āsan) - were

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of as

Root: as (class 2)

पितामहाः (pitāmahāḥ) - forefathers (referring to the Pāṇḍavas) (grandfathers, forefathers)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pitāmaha

pitāmaha - grandfather, progenitor, ancestor, Brahmā