महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-51, verse-21

तां रत्नभूतां लोकस्य प्रार्थयन्तो महीक्षितः ।
काङ्क्षन्ति स्म विशेषेण बलवृत्रनिषूदन ॥२१॥

21. tāṁ ratnabhūtāṁ lokasya prārthayanto mahīkṣitaḥ ,
kāṅkṣanti sma viśeṣeṇa balavṛtraniṣūdana.

21. tām ratnabhūtām lokasya prārthayantaḥ mahīkṣitaḥ
kāṅkṣanti sma viśeṣeṇa balavṛtraniṣūdana

21. O destroyer of Bala and Vṛtra, kings, desiring her—who is like a jewel to the world—particularly longed for her.

Words meanings summery:

• ताम् (tām) - her (the princess) (her, that (feminine accusative singular))

• रत्नभूताम् (ratnabhūtām) - who is like a jewel (having become a jewel, jewel-like)

• लोकस्य (lokasya) - of the world (of the world, of the people)

• प्रार्थयन्तः (prārthayantaḥ) - desiring (desiring, wishing, requesting)

• महीक्षितः (mahīkṣitaḥ) - kings (kings, rulers of the earth)

• काङ्क्षन्ति (kāṅkṣanti) - longed for (they desire, they long for)

• स्म (sma) - (indicates past tense with 'kāṅkṣanti') (particle indicating past tense)

• विशेषेण (viśeṣeṇa) - particularly (especially, particularly, by distinction)

• बलवृत्रनिषूदन (balavṛtraniṣūdana) - O destroyer of Bala and Vṛtra (an epithet for Indra) (destroyer of Bala and Vṛtra)

Words meanings and morphology

ताम् (tām) - her (the princess) (her, that (feminine accusative singular))

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, he, it

रत्नभूताम् (ratnabhūtām) - who is like a jewel (having become a jewel, jewel-like)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of ratnabhūta

ratnabhūta - become a jewel, turned into a jewel, jewel-like

past passive participle

Compound of 'ratna' and past participle of 'bhū'.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ratna+bhūta)

• ratna – jewel, gem, precious thing
  noun (neuter)
• bhūta – become, been, past, creature, element
  adjective (neuter)
  past passive participle
  From root 'bhū' (to be, become).
  Root: bhū (class 1)

लोकस्य (lokasya) - of the world (of the world, of the people)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of loka

loka - world, realm, people, open space

प्रार्थयन्तः (prārthayantaḥ) - desiring (desiring, wishing, requesting)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of prārthayat

prārthayat - one who desires, desiring

present active participle

From root 'arth' with upasarga 'pra'.

Prefix: pra

Root: arth (class 10)

महीक्षितः (mahīkṣitaḥ) - kings (kings, rulers of the earth)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mahīkṣit

mahīkṣit - earth-ruler, king, sovereign

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mahī+kṣit)

• mahī – earth, ground
  noun (feminine)
• kṣit – ruler, dwelling, earth
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'kṣi' (to rule, to dwell).
  Root: kṣi (class 2)

काङ्क्षन्ति (kāṅkṣanti) - longed for (they desire, they long for)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present indicative (laṭ) of kāṅkṣ

Root: kāṅkṣ (class 1)

Note: Used with 'sma' to denote past tense.

स्म (sma) - (indicates past tense with 'kāṅkṣanti') (particle indicating past tense)

(indeclinable)

विशेषेण (viśeṣeṇa) - particularly (especially, particularly, by distinction)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of viśeṣa

viśeṣa - distinction, peculiarity, excellence, specific instance

Note: Used adverbially.

बलवृत्रनिषूदन (balavṛtraniṣūdana) - O destroyer of Bala and Vṛtra (an epithet for Indra) (destroyer of Bala and Vṛtra)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of balavṛtraniṣūdana

balavṛtraniṣūdana - destroyer of (the demons) Bala and Vṛtra

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bala+vṛtra+niṣūdana)

• bala – Bala (a demon); strength, power
  proper noun (masculine)
• vṛtra – Vṛtra (a demon); enclosure, obstacle
  proper noun (masculine)
• niṣūdana – destroying, crushing, destroyer
  noun (masculine)
  agent noun
  From root 'sūd' (to kill, destroy) with upasarga 'ni'.
  Prefix: ni
  Root: sūd (class 10)