महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-51, verse-16

शस्त्रेण निधनं काले ये गच्छन्त्यपराङ्मुखाः ।
अयं लोकोऽक्षयस्तेषां यथैव मम कामधुक् ॥१६॥

16. śastreṇa nidhanaṁ kāle ye gacchantyaparāṅmukhāḥ ,
ayaṁ loko'kṣayasteṣāṁ yathaiva mama kāmadhuk.

16. śastreṇa nidhanam kāle ye gacchanti aparāṅmukhāḥ
ayam lokaḥ akṣayaḥ teṣām yathā eva mama kāmadhuk

16. Those who meet their death in battle, without turning their backs, attain this imperishable world, which is just like my wish-fulfilling cow (Kāmadhuk).

Words meanings summery:

• शस्त्रेण (śastreṇa) - by weapon, with a weapon

• निधनम् (nidhanam) - death, destruction, dissolution

• काले (kāle) - in battle (at the appropriate time for a warrior) (in time, at the right time, at the proper moment)

• ये (ye) - who, those who

• गच्छन्ति (gacchanti) - they go, they attain

• अपराङ्मुखाः (aparāṅmukhāḥ) - not retreating from battle (not turning back, not facing away, resolute)

• अयम् (ayam) - this

• लोकः (lokaḥ) - world, realm, region

• अक्षयः (akṣayaḥ) - imperishable, undiminishing, eternal

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - for them, their

• यथा (yathā) - as, just as, like

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, just, only

• मम (mama) - my, of me

• कामधुक् (kāmadhuk) - the divine wish-fulfilling cow (Kāmadhuk) (wish-fulfilling cow)

Words meanings and morphology

शस्त्रेण (śastreṇa) - by weapon, with a weapon

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of śastra

śastra - weapon, instrument, tool

Root: śas (class 2)

निधनम् (nidhanam) - death, destruction, dissolution

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of nidhana

nidhana - death, demise, destruction, end

From ni + √dhā

Prefix: ni

Root: dhā (class 3)

काले (kāle) - in battle (at the appropriate time for a warrior) (in time, at the right time, at the proper moment)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, period, appropriate time

ये (ye) - who, those who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ya

ya - who, which, what

Relative pronoun

Note: Refers to the warriors implied by 'aparāṅmukhāḥ'

गच्छन्ति (gacchanti) - they go, they attain

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of gam

Present active indicative, 3rd plural

Root: gam (class 1)

अपराङ्मुखाः (aparāṅmukhāḥ) - not retreating from battle (not turning back, not facing away, resolute)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of aparāṅmukha

aparāṅmukha - not turning back, not facing away, resolute

From a- (not) + parāṅ (backwards) + mukha (face)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+parāṅ+mukha)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• parāṅ – backward, turned away
  indeclinable
  From parāñc
  Root: añc
• mukha – face, mouth, front
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies 'ye'

अयम् (ayam) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, here

Demonstrative pronoun

लोकः (lokaḥ) - world, realm, region

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of loka

loka - world, realm, region, people

Root: lok (class 1)

अक्षयः (akṣayaḥ) - imperishable, undiminishing, eternal

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of akṣaya

akṣaya - imperishable, eternal, undecaying

From a- (not) + kṣaya (decay)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+kṣaya)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• kṣaya – decay, diminution, destruction
  noun (masculine)
  Root: kṣi (class 5)

Note: Qualifies 'lokaḥ'

तेषाम् (teṣām) - for them, their

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Demonstrative pronoun

यथा (yathā) - as, just as, like

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, just, only

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle

मम (mama) - my, of me

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of aham

aham - I, myself

1st person pronoun

कामधुक् (kāmadhuk) - the divine wish-fulfilling cow (Kāmadhuk) (wish-fulfilling cow)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kāmadhuk

kāmadhuk - wish-fulfilling cow, Kamadhenu

Literally "desire-milker"

Compound type : karmadhāraya (kāma+dhuk)

• kāma – desire, wish, love
  noun (masculine)
  Root: kam (class 1)
• dhuk – milking, granting (feminine form of dhuh)
  noun (feminine)
  Agent noun from √duh
  Root: duh (class 2)