महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-50, verse-25

दमयन्ती तु यं हंसं समुपाधावदन्तिके ।
स मानुषीं गिरं कृत्वा दमयन्तीमथाब्रवीत् ॥२५॥

25. damayantī tu yaṁ haṁsaṁ samupādhāvadantike ,
sa mānuṣīṁ giraṁ kṛtvā damayantīmathābravīt.

25. damayantī tu yam haṃsam samupādhāvat antike
saḥ mānuṣīm giram kṛtvā damayantīm atha abravīt

25. However, the swan that Damayanti ran closest to, then, uttering human speech, spoke to Damayanti.

Words meanings summery:

• दमयन्ती (damayantī) - Damayanti (proper noun)

• तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, indeed

• यम् (yam) - whom (referring to the swan) (whom, which)

• हंसम् (haṁsam) - swan

• समुपाधावत् (samupādhāvat) - he/she ran towards

• अन्तिके (antike) - near, in the vicinity

• सः (saḥ) - he (the swan) (he, that one)

• मानुषीम् (mānuṣīm) - human (speech) (human, pertaining to humans)

• गिरम् (giram) - speech, voice

• कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done, having made

• दमयन्तीम् (damayantīm) - Damayanti

• अथ (atha) - then, now, thereupon

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he/she spoke

Words meanings and morphology

दमयन्ती (damayantī) - Damayanti (proper noun)

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of damayantī

damayantī - Damayanti (name of a princess, heroine of Nala's story)

तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, indeed

(indeclinable)

यम् (yam) - whom (referring to the swan) (whom, which)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, what, who

हंसम् (haṁsam) - swan

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of haṃsa

haṁsa - swan, goose, a mythical bird

समुपाधावत् (samupādhāvat) - he/she ran towards

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (Laṅ) of dhāv

Prefixes: sam+upa+ā

Root: dhāv (class 1)

Note: The augment 'a' is prefixed to the root due to imperfect tense, leading to the form -ādhāvat.

अन्तिके (antike) - near, in the vicinity

(indeclinable)

Locative of antica (proximity) used adverbially.

Note: Null gender/number/case_name for indeclinable adverbs.

सः (saḥ) - he (the swan) (he, that one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, he, it

मानुषीम् (mānuṣīm) - human (speech) (human, pertaining to humans)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of mānuṣa

mānuṣa - human, relating to mankind

Root: manu

गिरम् (giram) - speech, voice

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of gir

gir - speech, voice, word

Root: gṛ

कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done, having made

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Derived from root kṛ with suffix -tvā

Root: kṛ (class 8)

दमयन्तीम् (damayantīm) - Damayanti

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of damayantī

damayantī - Damayanti (name of a princess, heroine of Nala's story)

अथ (atha) - then, now, thereupon

(indeclinable)

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he/she spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (Laṅ) of bru

Root: bru (class 2)