महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-50, verse-18

स ददर्श तदा हंसाञ्जातरूपपरिच्छदान् ।
वने विचरतां तेषामेकं जग्राह पक्षिणम् ॥१८॥

18. sa dadarśa tadā haṁsāñjātarūpaparicchadān ,
vane vicaratāṁ teṣāmekaṁ jagrāha pakṣiṇam.

18. sa dadarśa tadā haṃsān jātarūpaparicchadān
vane vicaratām teṣām ekam jagrāha pakṣiṇam

18. Then, in that grove (vana), he saw swans (haṃsa) whose plumage appeared like gold. Among those wandering birds, he caught one.

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - he (Nala) (he, that)

• ददर्श (dadarśa) - he saw (he saw, he perceived)

• तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

• हंसान् (haṁsān) - swans (haṃsa) (swans, geese)

• जातरूपपरिच्छदान् (jātarūpaparicchadān) - whose plumage appeared like gold (having golden plumage/garments)

• वने (vane) - in the grove (vana) (in the forest, in the grove)

• विचरताम् (vicaratām) - of those wandering (birds) (of those wandering/moving, of those roaming)

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - of those (birds/swans) (of them)

• एकम् (ekam) - one (bird) (one, a single)

• जग्राह (jagrāha) - he caught (he caught, he seized, he took)

• पक्षिणम् (pakṣiṇam) - bird (bird, winged creature)

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - he (Nala) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Subject of 'dadarśa' and 'jagrāha'.

ददर्श (dadarśa) - he saw (he saw, he perceived)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Lit) of dṛś

Reduplicated Perfect

3rd person singular active perfect form of √dṛś.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

Temporal adverb derived from 'tad'.

हंसान् (haṁsān) - swans (haṃsa) (swans, geese)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of haṃsa

haṁsa - swan, goose, a kind of mythical bird

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Object of 'dadarśa'.

जातरूपपरिच्छदान् (jātarūpaparicchadān) - whose plumage appeared like gold (having golden plumage/garments)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of jātarūpaparicchada

jātarūpaparicchada - having a covering of gold, having golden plumage

Compound adjective.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (jātarūpa+paricchada)

• jātarūpa – gold, of golden form
  noun (neuter)
  Compound of 'jāta' (born, produced) and 'rūpa' (form, appearance).
• paricchada – garment, covering, equipment, plumage
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from prefix 'pari-' + √chad (to cover).
  Prefix: pari
  Root: chad (class 1)

वने (vane) - in the grove (vana) (in the forest, in the grove)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, grove, wood

Root: van (class 1)

Note: Location where the swans were seen.

विचरताम् (vicaratām) - of those wandering (birds) (of those wandering/moving, of those roaming)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of vicārat

vicārat - wandering, roaming, moving about

Present Active Participle

Present active participle of √car (to move) with prefix vi-.

Prefix: vi

Root: car (class 1)

तेषाम् (teṣām) - of those (birds/swans) (of them)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the 'haṃsān'.

एकम् (ekam) - one (bird) (one, a single)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of eka

eka - one, a, single, sole

Numeral pronoun/adjective.

जग्राह (jagrāha) - he caught (he caught, he seized, he took)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Lit) of grah

Reduplicated Perfect

3rd person singular active perfect form of √grah.

Root: grah (class 9)

पक्षिणम् (pakṣiṇam) - bird (bird, winged creature)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pakṣin

pakṣin - bird, winged creature

Root: pakṣ

Note: Object of 'jagrāha'.