महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-50, verse-17

अशक्नुवन्नलः कामं तदा धारयितुं हृदा ।
अन्तःपुरसमीपस्थे वन आस्ते रहोगतः ॥१७॥

17. aśaknuvannalaḥ kāmaṁ tadā dhārayituṁ hṛdā ,
antaḥpurasamīpasthe vana āste rahogataḥ.

17. aśaknuvan nalaḥ kāmam tadā dhārayitum hṛdā
antaḥpurasamīpasthe vane āste rahogataḥ

17. Unable to contain his love (kāma) within his heart, Nala then went to a secluded grove (vana) located near the inner palace (antaḥpura) and remained there in solitude.

Words meanings summery:

• अशक्नुवन् (aśaknuvan) - being unable (unable, not capable)

• नलः (nalaḥ) - Nala

• कामम् (kāmam) - his passion (kāma) (desire, love (kāma))

• तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

• धारयितुम् (dhārayitum) - to restrain, to contain (to hold, to sustain, to restrain)

• हृदा (hṛdā) - within his heart (with the heart, inwardly)

• अन्तःपुरसमीपस्थे (antaḥpurasamīpasthe) - located near the inner palace (antaḥpura) (situated near the inner palace/harem)

• वने (vane) - in a grove (vana) (in the forest, in the grove)

• आस्ते (āste) - he remained, he stayed (he sits, he stays, he exists)

• रहोगतः (rahogataḥ) - in solitude (gone to a lonely place, in solitude)

Words meanings and morphology

अशक्नुवन् (aśaknuvan) - being unable (unable, not capable)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aśaknuvat

aśaknuvat - unable, not capable, powerless

Present Active Participle

Present active participle of √śak (to be able) with prefix 'a-' (negation).

Prefix: a

Root: śak (class 5)

नलः (nalaḥ) - Nala

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nala

nala - Nala (proper noun), a kind of reed

Note: Subject of 'āste'.

कामम् (kāmam) - his passion (kāma) (desire, love (kāma))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kāma

kāma - desire, wish, love, pleasure

Root: kam (class 1)

Note: Object of 'dhārayitum'.

तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

Temporal adverb derived from 'tad'.

धारयितुम् (dhārayitum) - to restrain, to contain (to hold, to sustain, to restrain)

(verb)

active, infinitive (Tumun) of dhārayitum

Infinitive

Infinitive form of the causative of √dhṛ (to hold).

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Used in conjunction with 'aśaknuvan'.

हृदा (hṛdā) - within his heart (with the heart, inwardly)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of hṛd

hṛd - heart, mind

Note: Denotes the means or location.

अन्तःपुरसमीपस्थे (antaḥpurasamīpasthe) - located near the inner palace (antaḥpura) (situated near the inner palace/harem)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of antaḥpurasamīpastha

antaḥpurasamīpastha - located near the inner palace, situated near the harem

Compound adjective.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (antas+pura+samīpa+stha)

• antas – inside, within, inner
  indeclinable
  Preposition/adverb indicating inner location.
• pura – city, fortified town, palace
  noun (neuter)
• samīpa – near, vicinity, proximity
  noun (neuter)
• stha – standing, situated, located
  adjective
  Derived from root √sthā (to stand), with suffix -a.
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'vane'.

वने (vane) - in a grove (vana) (in the forest, in the grove)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, grove, wood

Root: van (class 1)

Note: Location where Nala stayed.

आस्ते (āste) - he remained, he stayed (he sits, he stays, he exists)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (Laṭ) of ās

Present

3rd person singular middle present form of √ās.

Root: ās (class 2)

रहोगतः (rahogataḥ) - in solitude (gone to a lonely place, in solitude)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rahogata

rahogata - gone to a secluded place, being in solitude

Compound adjective.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rahas+gata)

• rahas – solitude, privacy, secrecy
  noun (neuter)
• gata – gone, gone to, obtained
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Past passive participle of √gam (to go).
  Root: gam (class 1)