महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-50, verse-1

बृहदश्व उवाच ।
आसीद्राजा नलो नाम वीरसेनसुतो बली ।
उपपन्नो गुणैरिष्टै रूपवानश्वकोविदः ॥१॥

1. bṛhadaśva uvāca ,
āsīdrājā nalo nāma vīrasenasuto balī ,
upapanno guṇairiṣṭai rūpavānaśvakovidaḥ.

1. bṛhadaśvaḥ uvāca āsīt rājā nalaḥ nāma vīrasenasutaḥ
balī upapannaḥ guṇaiḥ iṣṭaiḥ rūpavān aśvakovidaḥ

1. Bṛhadaśva said: 'There was a king named Nala, the powerful son of Vīrasena. He was endowed with desirable qualities, handsome, and an expert in horses.'

Words meanings summery:

• बृहदश्वः (bṛhadaśvaḥ) - Bṛhadaśva (name of a sage)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• आसीत् (āsīt) - there was, he was

• राजा (rājā) - king

• नलः (nalaḥ) - Nala

• नाम (nāma) - by name, named, indeed

• वीरसेनसुतः (vīrasenasutaḥ) - son of Vīrasena

• बली (balī) - powerful, strong

• उपपन्नः (upapannaḥ) - endowed with, possessed of, furnished with

• गुणैः (guṇaiḥ) - by qualities, by virtues

• इष्टैः (iṣṭaiḥ) - by desired, by agreeable (qualities)

• रूपवान् (rūpavān) - handsome, beautiful, possessed of form

• अश्वकोविदः (aśvakovidaḥ) - expert in horses, skilled in horsemanship

Words meanings and morphology

बृहदश्वः (bṛhadaśvaḥ) - Bṛhadaśva (name of a sage)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bṛhadaśva

bṛhadaśva - Bṛhadaśva (a sage who narrates the Nala story)

Compound: bṛhat (great) + aśva (horse).

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect active

Class 2, Reduplicated Perfect, 3rd person singular.

Root: vac (class 2)

आसीत् (āsīt) - there was, he was

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of as

Imperfect active

Class 2, Imperfect, 3rd person singular.

Root: as (class 2)

राजा (rājā) - king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

n-stem noun.

नलः (nalaḥ) - Nala

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nala

nala - Nala (name of a king)

नाम (nāma) - by name, named, indeed

(indeclinable)

Used adverbially.

वीरसेनसुतः (vīrasenasutaḥ) - son of Vīrasena

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vīrasenasuta

vīrasenasuta - son of Vīrasena

Compound: vīrasena (proper noun) + suta (son).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vīrasena+suta)

• vīrasena – Vīrasena (name of a king, father of Nala)
  proper noun (masculine)
• suta – son, born
  noun (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle (used as noun)
  From root sū (to give birth).
  Root: sū (class 2)

बली (balī) - powerful, strong

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of balin

balin - powerful, strong, mighty

Possessive adjective formed with suffix -in.

उपपन्नः (upapannaḥ) - endowed with, possessed of, furnished with

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of upapanna

upapanna - endowed with, possessed of, accomplished, suitable

Past Passive Participle

From root pad (to go) with prefix upa.

Prefix: upa

Root: pad (class 4)

Note: Takes instrumental for the quality with which one is endowed.

गुणैः (guṇaiḥ) - by qualities, by virtues

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of guṇa

guṇa - quality, virtue, excellence, string

इष्टैः (iṣṭaiḥ) - by desired, by agreeable (qualities)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of iṣṭa

iṣṭa - desired, wished for, agreeable, liked

Past Passive Participle

From root iṣ (to wish, desire).

Root: iṣ (class 6)

Note: Forms adjective for 'guṇa'.

रूपवान् (rūpavān) - handsome, beautiful, possessed of form

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rūpavat

rūpavat - handsome, beautiful, possessed of form

Possessive adjective formed with suffix -vat.

अश्वकोविदः (aśvakovidaḥ) - expert in horses, skilled in horsemanship

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aśvakovida

aśvakovida - expert in horses, skilled in horsemanship

Compound: aśva (horse) + kovida (skilled, expert).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (aśva+kovida)

• aśva – horse
  noun (masculine)
• kovida – skilled, expert, proficient
  adjective (masculine)