महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-50, verse-1

बृहदश्व उवाच ।
आसीद्राजा नलो नाम वीरसेनसुतो बली ।
उपपन्नो गुणैरिष्टै रूपवानश्वकोविदः ॥१॥

1. bṛhadaśva uvāca ,
āsīdrājā nalo nāma vīrasenasuto balī ,
upapanno guṇairiṣṭai rūpavānaśvakovidaḥ.

1. bṛhadaśvaḥ uvāca āsīt rājā nalaḥ nāma vīrasenasutaḥ
balī upapannaḥ guṇaiḥ iṣṭaiḥ rūpavān aśvakovidaḥ

1. Bṛhadaśva said: 'There was a king named Nala, the powerful son of Vīrasena. He was endowed with desirable qualities, handsome, and an expert in horses.'

1. בְּרְהַדַשְׁוַה אמר, היה מלך בשם נַלַה, בנו החזק של וִירַסֵנַה, בעל סגולות נחשקות, יפה תואר ומומחה בסוסים.

Words meanings summery:

• बृहदश्वः (bṛhadaśvaḥ) - Bṛhadaśva (name of a sage)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• आसीत् (āsīt) - there was, he was

• राजा (rājā) - king

• नलः (nalaḥ) - Nala

• नाम (nāma) - by name, named, indeed

• वीरसेनसुतः (vīrasenasutaḥ) - son of Vīrasena

• बली (balī) - powerful, strong

• उपपन्नः (upapannaḥ) - endowed with, possessed of, furnished with

• गुणैः (guṇaiḥ) - by qualities, by virtues

• इष्टैः (iṣṭaiḥ) - by desired, by agreeable (qualities)

• रूपवान् (rūpavān) - handsome, beautiful, possessed of form

• अश्वकोविदः (aśvakovidaḥ) - expert in horses, skilled in horsemanship

Words meanings and morphology

बृहदश्वः (bṛhadaśvaḥ) - Bṛhadaśva (name of a sage)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bṛhadaśva

bṛhadaśva - Bṛhadaśva (a sage who narrates the Nala story)

Compound: bṛhat (great) + aśva (horse).

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect active

Class 2, Reduplicated Perfect, 3rd person singular.

Root: vac (class 2)

आसीत् (āsīt) - there was, he was

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of as

Imperfect active

Class 2, Imperfect, 3rd person singular.

Root: as (class 2)

राजा (rājā) - king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

n-stem noun.

नलः (nalaḥ) - Nala

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nala

nala - Nala (name of a king)

नाम (nāma) - by name, named, indeed

(indeclinable)

Used adverbially.

वीरसेनसुतः (vīrasenasutaḥ) - son of Vīrasena

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vīrasenasuta

vīrasenasuta - son of Vīrasena

Compound: vīrasena (proper noun) + suta (son).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vīrasena+suta)

• vīrasena – Vīrasena (name of a king, father of Nala)
  proper noun (masculine)
• suta – son, born
  noun (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle (used as noun)
  From root sū (to give birth).
  Root: sū (class 2)

बली (balī) - powerful, strong

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of balin

balin - powerful, strong, mighty

Possessive adjective formed with suffix -in.

उपपन्नः (upapannaḥ) - endowed with, possessed of, furnished with

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of upapanna

upapanna - endowed with, possessed of, accomplished, suitable

Past Passive Participle

From root pad (to go) with prefix upa.

Prefix: upa

Root: pad (class 4)

Note: Takes instrumental for the quality with which one is endowed.

गुणैः (guṇaiḥ) - by qualities, by virtues

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of guṇa

guṇa - quality, virtue, excellence, string

इष्टैः (iṣṭaiḥ) - by desired, by agreeable (qualities)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of iṣṭa

iṣṭa - desired, wished for, agreeable, liked

Past Passive Participle

From root iṣ (to wish, desire).

Root: iṣ (class 6)

Note: Forms adjective for 'guṇa'.

रूपवान् (rūpavān) - handsome, beautiful, possessed of form

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rūpavat

rūpavat - handsome, beautiful, possessed of form

Possessive adjective formed with suffix -vat.

अश्वकोविदः (aśvakovidaḥ) - expert in horses, skilled in horsemanship

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aśvakovida

aśvakovida - expert in horses, skilled in horsemanship

Compound: aśva (horse) + kovida (skilled, expert).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (aśva+kovida)

• aśva – horse
  noun (masculine)
• kovida – skilled, expert, proficient
  adjective (masculine)

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