महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-39, verse-23

चतुर्थे त्वथ संप्राप्ते मासि पूर्णे ततः परम् ।
वायुभक्षो महाबाहुरभवत्पाण्डुनन्दनः ।
ऊर्ध्वबाहुर्निरालम्बः पादाङ्गुष्ठाग्रविष्ठितः ॥२३॥

23. caturthe tvatha saṁprāpte māsi pūrṇe tataḥ param ,
vāyubhakṣo mahābāhurabhavatpāṇḍunandanaḥ ,
ūrdhvabāhurnirālambaḥ pādāṅguṣṭhāgraviṣṭhitaḥ.

23. caturthe tu atha saṃprāpte māsi pūrṇe
tataḥ param vāyubhakṣaḥ mahābāhuḥ
abhavat pāṇḍunandanaḥ ūrdhvabāhuḥ
nirālambaḥ pādāṅguṣṭhāgraviṣṭhitaḥ

23. When the fourth full month had thus passed, the mighty-armed (mahābāhu) son of Pāṇḍu (Pāṇḍunandana) became one who subsisted on air. He stood with arms raised, without support, perched on the very tips of his big toes.

Words meanings summery:

• चतुर्थे (caturthe) - in the fourth

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, now

• अथ (atha) - now, then, thus

• संप्राप्ते (saṁprāpte) - when arrived, when reached

• मासि (māsi) - in the month

• पूर्णे (pūrṇe) - in the full, in the complete

• ततः (tataḥ) - thence, after that, then

• परम् (param) - afterwards, further

• वायुभक्षः (vāyubhakṣaḥ) - Arjuna, subsisting only on air as part of his penance (one subsisting on air)

• महाबाहुः (mahābāhuḥ) - Arjuna, known for his strength and archery (mighty-armed)

• अभवत् (abhavat) - he became

• पाण्डुनन्दनः (pāṇḍunandanaḥ) - Arjuna, as the son of King Pāṇḍu (son of Pāṇḍu)

• ऊर्ध्वबाहुः (ūrdhvabāhuḥ) - Arjuna, performing a specific posture of penance (with arms raised)

• निरालम्बः (nirālambaḥ) - Arjuna, standing in an unsupported posture of extreme austerity (without support, unsupported)

• पादाङ्गुष्ठाग्रविष्ठितः (pādāṅguṣṭhāgraviṣṭhitaḥ) - Arjuna, maintaining an extremely difficult posture for penance (standing on the tips of the big toes)

Words meanings and morphology

चतुर्थे (caturthe) - in the fourth

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of caturtha

caturtha - fourth

तु (tu) - but, indeed, now

(indeclinable)

अथ (atha) - now, then, thus

(indeclinable)

संप्राप्ते (saṁprāpte) - when arrived, when reached

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of saṃprāpta

saṁprāpta - obtained, reached, arrived

Past Passive Participle

saṃ- + pra- + āp + kta

Prefixes: sam+pra

Root: āp (class 5)

मासि (māsi) - in the month

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of māsa

māsa - month

पूर्णे (pūrṇe) - in the full, in the complete

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of pūrṇa

pūrṇa - full, complete, fulfilled

Past Passive Participle

pṛ + kta

Root: pṛ (class 9)

ततः (tataḥ) - thence, after that, then

(indeclinable)

परम् (param) - afterwards, further

(indeclinable)

वायुभक्षः (vāyubhakṣaḥ) - Arjuna, subsisting only on air as part of his penance (one subsisting on air)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vāyubhakṣa

vāyubhakṣa - one who eats air, air-eater

Compound type : bahuvrihi (vāyu+bhakṣa)

• vāyu – air, wind
  noun (masculine)
• bhakṣa – food, eating, devourer
  noun (masculine)
  Root: bhakṣ (class 1)

महाबाहुः (mahābāhuḥ) - Arjuna, known for his strength and archery (mighty-armed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahābāhu

mahābāhu - great-armed, mighty-armed

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahā+bāhu)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective (feminine)
• bāhu – arm
  noun (masculine)

अभवत् (abhavat) - he became

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

पाण्डुनन्दनः (pāṇḍunandanaḥ) - Arjuna, as the son of King Pāṇḍu (son of Pāṇḍu)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pāṇḍunandana

pāṇḍunandana - son of Pāṇḍu

Compound type : tatpurusha (pāṇḍu+nandana)

• pāṇḍu – Pāṇḍu (name of a king)
  proper noun (masculine)
• nandana – son, rejoicer, delighting
  noun (masculine)
  Root: nand (class 1)

ऊर्ध्वबाहुः (ūrdhvabāhuḥ) - Arjuna, performing a specific posture of penance (with arms raised)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ūrdhvabāhu

ūrdhvabāhu - having arms raised upwards

Compound type : bahuvrihi (ūrdhva+bāhu)

• ūrdhva – upward, raised, high
  adjective (masculine)
• bāhu – arm
  noun (masculine)

निरालम्बः (nirālambaḥ) - Arjuna, standing in an unsupported posture of extreme austerity (without support, unsupported)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nirālamba

nirālamba - without support, unsupported, independent

Compound type : bahuvrihi (nis+ālamba)

• nis – without, free from, out
  indeclinable
• ālamba – support, reliance, prop
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: lamb (class 1)

पादाङ्गुष्ठाग्रविष्ठितः (pādāṅguṣṭhāgraviṣṭhitaḥ) - Arjuna, maintaining an extremely difficult posture for penance (standing on the tips of the big toes)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pādāṅguṣṭhāgraviṣṭhita

pādāṅguṣṭhāgraviṣṭhita - standing on the tips of the big toes

Compound type : bahuvrihi (pāda+aṅguṣṭha+agra+viṣṭhita)

• pāda – foot, leg
  noun (masculine)
• aṅguṣṭha – thumb, big toe
  noun (masculine)
• agra – tip, top, front, chief
  noun (neuter)
• viṣṭhita – standing, situated, abiding
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  vi- + sthā + kta
  Prefix: vi
  Root: sthā (class 1)