महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-39, verse-17

तत्रापश्यद्द्रुमान्फुल्लान्विहगैर्वल्गु नादितान् ।
नदीश्च बहुलावर्ता नीलवैडूर्यसंनिभाः ॥१७॥

17. tatrāpaśyaddrumānphullānvihagairvalgu nāditān ,
nadīśca bahulāvartā nīlavaiḍūryasaṁnibhāḥ.

17. tatra apaśyat drumān phullān vihagaiḥ valgu nāditān
| nadīḥ ca bahulāvartāḥ nīlavaidūryasaṃnibhāḥ

17. There he saw trees in bloom, sweetly resounding with the calls of birds, and rivers with many whirlpools that resembled blue lapis lazuli.

Words meanings summery:

• तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

• अपश्यत् (apaśyat) - Refers to Arjuna seeing. (he saw, beheld)

• द्रुमान् (drumān) - trees

• फुल्लान् (phullān) - blooming, flowering, expanded

• विहगैः (vihagaiḥ) - by birds

• वल्गु (valgu) - sweetly, charmingly, beautifully

• नादितान् (nāditān) - Made to resound with sounds of birds. (made to sound, resounding, caused to cry out)

• नदीः (nadīḥ) - rivers

• च (ca) - and, also

• बहुलावर्ताः (bahulāvartāḥ) - having many whirlpools, full of whirlpools

• नीलवैदूर्यसंनिभाः (nīlavaidūryasaṁnibhāḥ) - resembling blue lapis lazuli

Words meanings and morphology

तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

(indeclinable)

From tad (that) + -tra suffix.

Note: Adverb of place.

अपश्यत् (apaśyat) - Refers to Arjuna seeing. (he saw, beheld)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect past (laṅ) of dṛś

Imperfect Active

From √dṛś (class 1, present stem paśya-) with augment a-.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

द्रुमान् (drumān) - trees

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of druma

druma - tree

Root: dru (class 1)

Note: Object of apaśyat.

फुल्लान् (phullān) - blooming, flowering, expanded

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of phulla

phulla - blooming, flowering, expanded, open

Past Passive Participle

From √phall or √phull 'to burst, expand'.

Root: phall (class 1)

Note: Qualifies drumān.

विहगैः (vihagaiḥ) - by birds

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of vihaga

vihaga - bird (lit. 'sky-goer')

Compound of vi (sky/air) + gama (goer, from √gam).

Compound type : upapada tatpuruṣa (vi+gama)

• vi – apart, astray, away, in the air/sky
  indeclinable
  Prefix.
• gama – going, moving, a goer
  noun (masculine)
  From √gam 'to go'.
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Agent of nāditān.

वल्गु (valgu) - sweetly, charmingly, beautifully

(indeclinable)

Root: valg (class 1)

Note: Adverb, modifying nāditān.

नादितान् (nāditān) - Made to resound with sounds of birds. (made to sound, resounding, caused to cry out)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of nādita

nādita - made to sound, caused to cry, resounding

Past Passive Participle

From causative of √nad 'to sound, roar' + -ita suffix.

Root: nad (class 1)

Note: Qualifies drumān.

नदीः (nadīḥ) - rivers

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of nadī

nadī - river

From √nad 'to sound, roar' (referring to flowing water).

Root: nad (class 1)

Note: Object of apaśyat.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

बहुलावर्ताः (bahulāvartāḥ) - having many whirlpools, full of whirlpools

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, plural of bahulāvarta

bahulāvarta - having many whirlpools, full of eddies

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (bahula+āvarta)

• bahula – many, much, abundant, frequent
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
• āvarta – whirlpool, eddy, current
  noun (masculine)
  From √vṛt 'to turn' with prefix ā-.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Qualifies nadīḥ.

नीलवैदूर्यसंनिभाः (nīlavaidūryasaṁnibhāḥ) - resembling blue lapis lazuli

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, plural of nīlavaidūryasaṃnibha

nīlavaidūryasaṁnibha - resembling blue lapis lazuli, like blue cat's eye

Compound describing similarity to blue lapis lazuli.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (nīla+vaidūrya+saṃnibha)

• nīla – blue, dark blue
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
• vaidūrya – lapis lazuli, cat's eye gem
  noun (neuter)
  Named after the Vidūra mountain where it was found.
• saṃnibha – resembling, like, similar
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
  From √bhā 'to shine' with prefixes sam- and ni-.
  Prefixes: sam+ni
  Root: bhā (class 2)

Note: Qualifies nadīḥ.