महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-287, verse-1

जनमेजय उवाच ।
किं तद्गुह्यं न चाख्यातं कर्णायेहोष्णरश्मिना ।
कीदृशे कुण्डले ते च कवचं चैव कीदृशम् ॥१॥

1. janamejaya uvāca ,
kiṁ tadguhyaṁ na cākhyātaṁ karṇāyehoṣṇaraśminā ,
kīdṛśe kuṇḍale te ca kavacaṁ caiva kīdṛśam.

1. janamejayaḥ uvāca kim tat guhyam na ca ākhyātam karṇāya
iha uṣṇaraśminā kīdṛśe kuṇḍale te ca kavacam ca eva kīdṛśam

1. Janamejaya asked: 'What was that secret that the hot-rayed Sun did not disclose to Karṇa in this context? And what kind were those earrings, and what kind was that armor?'

Words meanings summery:

• जनमेजयः (janamejayaḥ) - Janamejaya (proper name)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said

• किम् (kim) - what?

• तत् (tat) - that

• गुह्यम् (guhyam) - secret, hidden thing

• न (na) - not

• च (ca) - and

• आख्यातम् (ākhyātam) - told, revealed, narrated

• कर्णाय (karṇāya) - to Karṇa

• इह (iha) - here, in this matter, in this context

• उष्णरश्मिना (uṣṇaraśminā) - by Sūrya (the Sun god) (by the hot-rayed one)

• कीदृशे (kīdṛśe) - of what kind?, what sort of?

• कुण्डले (kuṇḍale) - Karṇa's celestial earrings (the two earrings)

• ते (te) - those

• च (ca) - and

• कवचम् (kavacam) - Karṇa's celestial armor (armor, breastplate)

• च (ca) - and

• एव (eva) - indeed, just

• कीदृशम् (kīdṛśam) - of what kind?, what sort of?

Words meanings and morphology

जनमेजयः (janamejayaḥ) - Janamejaya (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of janamejaya

janamejaya - Janamejaya (a king of the Kuru dynasty, son of Parikshit, and listener to the Mahabharata narration)

Compound: jana (people) + ejaya (causing to tremble, disturbing).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (jana+ejaya)

• jana – man, person, people
  noun (masculine)
  Root: jan (class 4)
• ejaya – causing to tremble, disturbing, agitating
  adjective (masculine)
  Causative derivative
  Derived from the causative stem of root ij (to tremble).
  Root: ij (class 1)

Note: Speaker of the verse.

उवाच (uvāca) - he said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Lit) of vac

Perfect active

Reduplicated perfect form of root vac.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Main verb.

किम् (kim) - what?

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which (interrogative pronoun)

Interrogative pronoun.

Note: Used to ask about the nature of the secret.

तत् (tat) - that

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers to the secret `guhyam`.

गुह्यम् (guhyam) - secret, hidden thing

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of guhya

guhya - secret, hidden, mysterious; a secret thing

Gerundive (potential passive participle)

Derived from root guh (to hide) with suffix -ya (kṛtya suffix).

Root: guh (class 1)

Note: The subject of the unspoken verb 'was'.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

आख्यातम् (ākhyātam) - told, revealed, narrated

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ākhyāta

ākhyāta - told, related, announced, revealed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root khyā (to tell) with upasarga ā. Formed with suffix -ta.

Prefix: ā

Root: khyā (class 2)

Note: Used predicatively, agreeing with `guhyam`.

कर्णाय (karṇāya) - to Karṇa

(proper noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - ear; a proper name (Karṇa)

इह (iha) - here, in this matter, in this context

(indeclinable)

Adverb of place or context.

उष्णरश्मिना (uṣṇaraśminā) - by Sūrya (the Sun god) (by the hot-rayed one)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of uṣṇaraśmi

uṣṇaraśmi - hot-rayed, the sun

Compound: uṣṇa (hot) + raśmi (ray). Bahuvrīhi compound meaning 'he who has hot rays'.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (uṣṇa+raśmi)

• uṣṇa – hot, warm, fiery
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root uṣ (to burn) with suffix -ṇa.
  Root: uṣ (class 1)
• raśmi – ray, beam of light, rein
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agent of `ākhyātam`.

कीदृशे (kīdṛśe) - of what kind?, what sort of?

(interrogative adjective)

Note: Agrees with `kuṇḍale`.

कुण्डले (kuṇḍale) - Karṇa's celestial earrings (the two earrings)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, dual of kuṇḍala

kuṇḍala - earring, ring, coil

Note: Subject of the implied question.

ते (te) - those

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, dual of tad

tad - that, those

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Agrees with `kuṇḍale`.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

Note: Connects `kuṇḍale` and `kavacam`.

कवचम् (kavacam) - Karṇa's celestial armor (armor, breastplate)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kavaca

kavaca - armor, breastplate, mail, shield

Note: Subject of the implied question.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

एव (eva) - indeed, just

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

Note: Emphasizes `kavacam`.

कीदृशम् (kīdṛśam) - of what kind?, what sort of?

(interrogative adjective)

Note: Agrees with `kavacam`.