महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-229, verse-4

ददर्श स तदा गावः शतशोऽथ सहस्रशः ।
अङ्कैर्लक्षैश्च ताः सर्वा लक्षयामास पार्थिवः ॥४॥

4. dadarśa sa tadā gāvaḥ śataśo'tha sahasraśaḥ ,
aṅkairlakṣaiśca tāḥ sarvā lakṣayāmāsa pārthivaḥ.

4. dadarśa saḥ tadā gāvaḥ śataśaḥ atha sahasraśaḥ
aṅkaiḥ lakṣaiḥ ca tāḥ sarvāḥ lakṣayāmāsa pārthivaḥ

4. Then he (Arjuna) saw hundreds and thousands of cows. That king (pārthivaḥ) marked all of them with brands and distinguishing signs.

Words meanings summery:

• ददर्श (dadarśa) - he saw

• सः (saḥ) - Arjuna (he)

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• गावः (gāvaḥ) - cows

• शतशः (śataśaḥ) - by hundreds

• अथ (atha) - then, and, moreover

• सहस्रशः (sahasraśaḥ) - by thousands

• अङ्कैः (aṅkaiḥ) - by marks, by brands

• लक्षैः (lakṣaiḥ) - by distinguishing marks, by signs

• च (ca) - and, also

• ताः (tāḥ) - those cows (them)

• सर्वाः (sarvāḥ) - all of them (the cows) (all)

• लक्षयामास (lakṣayāmāsa) - he marked, he caused to be marked, he distinguished

• पार्थिवः (pārthivaḥ) - Arjuna (son of Pṛthā) (the king, son of Pṛthā)

Words meanings and morphology

ददर्श (dadarśa) - he saw

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Liṭ) of dṛś

Perfect Tense (Liṭ)

3rd singular, active voice. Reduplicated root form.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

सः (saḥ) - Arjuna (he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Masculine nominative singular.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

गावः (gāvaḥ) - cows

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of go

go - cow, ox

Feminine accusative plural.

शतशः (śataśaḥ) - by hundreds

(indeclinable)

Formed with suffix 'śas' from 'śata' (hundred).

अथ (atha) - then, and, moreover

(indeclinable)

सहस्रशः (sahasraśaḥ) - by thousands

(indeclinable)

Formed with suffix 'śas' from 'sahasra' (thousand).

अङ्कैः (aṅkaiḥ) - by marks, by brands

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of aṅka

aṅka - mark, brand, number

Masculine instrumental plural.

लक्षैः (lakṣaiḥ) - by distinguishing marks, by signs

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of lakṣa

lakṣa - mark, sign, target

Masculine instrumental plural.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

ताः (tāḥ) - those cows (them)

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of tad

tad - that, she, it

Feminine accusative plural.

सर्वाः (sarvāḥ) - all of them (the cows) (all)

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Feminine accusative plural.

लक्षयामास (lakṣayāmāsa) - he marked, he caused to be marked, he distinguished

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Liṭ) of lakṣ

Perfect Tense (Liṭ)

3rd singular, active voice, causative form from root 'lakṣ' (lakṣayati). Periphrastic perfect.

Root: lakṣ (class 10)

पार्थिवः (pārthivaḥ) - Arjuna (son of Pṛthā) (the king, son of Pṛthā)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pārthiva

pārthiva - relating to the earth, king, ruler; descendant of Pṛthā

Masculine nominative singular. Derived from 'pṛthivī' (earth) or 'Pṛthā' (mother of Arjuna).