महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-20, verse-9

प्रतोदेनाहता राजन्रश्मिभिश्च समुद्यताः ।
उत्पतन्त इवाकाशं विबभुस्ते हयोत्तमाः ॥९॥

9. pratodenāhatā rājanraśmibhiśca samudyatāḥ ,
utpatanta ivākāśaṁ vibabhuste hayottamāḥ.

9. pratodena āhatāḥ rājan raśmibhiḥ ca samudyatāḥ
utpatantaḥ iva ākāśam vibabhuḥ te hayottamāḥ

9. O King, those excellent horses, struck by the goad and expertly guided by the reins, shone splendidly as they sprang up, as if flying into the sky.

Words meanings summery:

• प्रतोदेन (pratodena) - with the goad, by the whip

• आहताः (āhatāḥ) - struck, hit, wounded

• राजन् (rājan) - O King

• रश्मिभिः (raśmibhiḥ) - by the reins (with the reins, by the rays)

• च (ca) - and

• समुद्यताः (samudyatāḥ) - expertly guided (urged, controlled, uplifted, prepared)

• उत्पतन्तः (utpatantaḥ) - leaping up, flying up, springing up

• इव (iva) - like, as if, as

• आकाशम् (ākāśam) - to the sky, to the atmosphere, to space

• विबभुः (vibabhuḥ) - they shone, they appeared splendid

• ते (te) - those

• हयोत्तमाः (hayottamāḥ) - excellent horses, best of horses

Words meanings and morphology

प्रतोदेन (pratodena) - with the goad, by the whip

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of pratoda

pratoda - goad, whip, spur

आहताः (āhatāḥ) - struck, hit, wounded

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of āhata

āhata - struck, hit, wounded, beaten

Past Passive Participle

From root han (to strike, to kill) with upasarga ā

Prefix: ā

Root: han (class 2)

राजन् (rājan) - O King

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

रश्मिभिः (raśmibhiḥ) - by the reins (with the reins, by the rays)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of raśmi

raśmi - rein, bridle, ray of light, cord

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

समुद्यताः (samudyatāḥ) - expertly guided (urged, controlled, uplifted, prepared)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of samudyata

samudyata - raised, uplifted, prepared, urged, controlled

Past Passive Participle

From root yam (to hold, restrain) with upasargas sam and ud

Prefixes: sam+ud

Root: yam (class 1)

उत्पतन्तः (utpatantaḥ) - leaping up, flying up, springing up

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of utpatant

utpatant - leaping up, flying up, springing up

Present Active Participle

From root pat (to fall, fly) with upasarga ud

Prefix: ud

Root: pat (class 1)

इव (iva) - like, as if, as

(indeclinable)

आकाशम् (ākāśam) - to the sky, to the atmosphere, to space

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ākāśa

ākāśa - sky, atmosphere, ether, space

विबभुः (vibabhuḥ) - they shone, they appeared splendid

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of vi-bhā

Prefix: vi

Root: bhā (class 2)

ते (te) - those

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

हयोत्तमाः (hayottamāḥ) - excellent horses, best of horses

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of hayottama

hayottama - excellent horse, best horse

Compound type : karmadhāraya (haya+uttama)

• haya – horse
  noun (masculine)
• uttama – best, excellent, highest
  adjective (neuter)