महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-177, verse-3

स धर्मराजमालक्ष्य भ्राता भ्रातरमग्रजम् ।
कथयामास तत्सर्वं ग्रहणादि विचेष्टितम् ॥३॥

3. sa dharmarājamālakṣya bhrātā bhrātaramagrajam ,
kathayāmāsa tatsarvaṁ grahaṇādi viceṣṭitam.

3. sa dharmarājam ālakṣya bhrātā bhrātaram agrajam
kathayāmāsa tat sarvam grahaṇādi viceṣṭitam

3. Having perceived Yudhiṣṭhira, the king of natural law (dharma), he (the serpent king), addressing him as his elder brother, narrated all the events from the capture onwards.

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - The serpent king Nahuṣa. (he, that)

• धर्मराजम् (dharmarājam) - Yudhiṣṭhira (king of natural law (dharma))

• आलक्ष्य (ālakṣya) - having seen, having perceived, having observed

• भ्राता (bhrātā) - The serpent (Nahuṣa), identifying himself as a kinsman/brother to Yudhiṣṭhira. (brother)

• भ्रातरम् (bhrātaram) - Yudhiṣṭhira, addressed respectfully by Nahuṣa. (brother)

• अग्रजम् (agrajam) - Yudhiṣṭhira, here indicating respect or his position as the elder Pāṇḍava brother. (elder, senior, foremost)

• कथयामास (kathayāmāsa) - he narrated, he told

• तत् (tat) - that, those

• सर्वम् (sarvam) - all, whole

• ग्रहणादि (grahaṇādi) - beginning with the seizure, from the capture onwards

• विचेष्टितम् (viceṣṭitam) - The events and circumstances surrounding Bhīma's capture. (actions, deeds, conduct, proceedings)

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - The serpent king Nahuṣa. (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the serpent king Nahuṣa.

धर्मराजम् (dharmarājam) - Yudhiṣṭhira (king of natural law (dharma))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharmarāja

dharmarāja - king of righteousness, lord of natural law (dharma)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+rāja)

• dharma – righteousness, duty, natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature
  noun (masculine)
• rāja – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to Yudhiṣṭhira.

आलक्ष्य (ālakṣya) - having seen, having perceived, having observed

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Lyap)

Derived from prefix ā- + root lakṣ 'to observe' with suffix -ya (lyap)

Prefix: ā

Root: lakṣ (class 1)

भ्राता (bhrātā) - The serpent (Nahuṣa), identifying himself as a kinsman/brother to Yudhiṣṭhira. (brother)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhrātṛ

bhrātṛ - brother

Note: Refers to Nahuṣa, the serpent, who identifies as a kinsman to Yudhiṣṭhira.

भ्रातरम् (bhrātaram) - Yudhiṣṭhira, addressed respectfully by Nahuṣa. (brother)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhrātṛ

bhrātṛ - brother

Note: Refers to Yudhiṣṭhira.

अग्रजम् (agrajam) - Yudhiṣṭhira, here indicating respect or his position as the elder Pāṇḍava brother. (elder, senior, foremost)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of agraja

agraja - elder brother, born first, superior

Derived from agra 'front, first' + jan 'to be born'

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Agrees with bhrātaram, referring to Yudhiṣṭhira.

कथयामास (kathayāmāsa) - he narrated, he told

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of kath

Past Perfect Tense (Liṭ)

Derived from root kath (10th class or denominative), 3rd person singular, active voice, past perfect tense (liṭ)

Root: kath (class 10)

Note: Subject is sa (Nahuṣa).

तत् (tat) - that, those

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Agrees with sarvam and viceṣṭitam.

सर्वम् (sarvam) - all, whole

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sarva

sarva - all, whole, every

Note: Agrees with tat and viceṣṭitam.

ग्रहणादि (grahaṇādi) - beginning with the seizure, from the capture onwards

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of grahaṇādi

grahaṇādi - beginning with the seizing, etc.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (grahaṇa+ādi)

• grahaṇa – seizing, taking, capture
  noun (neuter)
  Nominalization of root grah
  Derived from root grah with suffix -ana
  Root: grah (class 9)
• ādi – beginning, and so on, etc.
  indeclinable

Note: Agrees with viceṣṭitam.

विचेष्टितम् (viceṣṭitam) - The events and circumstances surrounding Bhīma's capture. (actions, deeds, conduct, proceedings)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of viceṣṭita

viceṣṭita - actions, movements, deeds, behavior

Past Passive Participle (Nominalized)

Derived from prefix vi- + root ceṣṭ 'to move, to act' with suffix -kta

Prefix: vi

Root: ceṣṭ (class 1)

Note: Direct object of kathayāmāsa.