महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-177, verse-17

वेद्यं सर्प परं ब्रह्म निर्दुःखमसुखं च यत् ।
यत्र गत्वा न शोचन्ति भवतः किं विवक्षितम् ॥१७॥

17. vedyaṁ sarpa paraṁ brahma nirduḥkhamasukhaṁ ca yat ,
yatra gatvā na śocanti bhavataḥ kiṁ vivakṣitam.

17. vedyam sarpa param brahma nirduḥkham asukham ca
yat yatra gatvā na śocanti bhavataḥ kim vivakṣitam

17. O serpent, that which is to be known as the supreme (brahman), free from both suffering and (ordinary) pleasure, upon attaining which people do not grieve—what do you intend to say by this?

Words meanings summery:

• वेद्यम् (vedyam) - That which is the object of knowledge, referring to (brahman). (to be known, knowable, knowledge)

• सर्प (sarpa) - Addressing Nahuṣa. (O serpent)

• परम् (param) - Referring to the highest aspect of reality. (supreme, highest, ultimate)

• ब्रह्म (brahma) - The ultimate impersonal reality in Hindu philosophy (brahman). (the Absolute, the ultimate reality (brahman))

• निर्दुःखम् (nirduḥkham) - Describing the nature of (brahman) as beyond pain. (free from suffering, painless)

• असुखम् (asukham) - Describing the nature of (brahman) as beyond ordinary dualities of pleasure and pain. (free from pleasure, without happiness)

• च (ca) - Connects the two adjectives 'nirduḥkham' and 'asukham'. (and, also)

• यत् (yat) - Refers back to (brahman). (which, what, that (relative pronoun))

• यत्र (yatra) - Referring to the state or realm where (brahman) is realized. (where, to which, in which)

• गत्वा (gatvā) - Having attained or reached (brahman). (having gone, after going)

• न (na) - Negates the action of grieving. (not, no)

• शोचन्ति (śocanti) - People do not experience sorrow. (they grieve, they sorrow)

• भवतः (bhavataḥ) - Refers to what the serpent means by his statement. (by you, of you, your (honorific))

• किम् (kim) - Interrogative pronoun asking about the serpent's intent. (what, why)

• विवक्षितम् (vivakṣitam) - What is intended to be said or conveyed by you. (intended, meant, spoken of)

Words meanings and morphology

वेद्यम् (vedyam) - That which is the object of knowledge, referring to (brahman). (to be known, knowable, knowledge)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vedya

vedya - to be known, knowable, knowledge

Gerundive/Future Passive Participle

Root vid (to know) + ya (suffix for FPP)

Root: vid (class 6)

सर्प (sarpa) - Addressing Nahuṣa. (O serpent)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of sarpa

sarpa - serpent, snake

परम् (param) - Referring to the highest aspect of reality. (supreme, highest, ultimate)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of para

para - other, supreme, ultimate, higher

Note: Agrees with 'brahma' (neuter).

ब्रह्म (brahma) - The ultimate impersonal reality in Hindu philosophy (brahman). (the Absolute, the ultimate reality (brahman))

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of brahman

brahman - the Absolute, the ultimate reality, sacred word, Veda

Root: bṛh

Note: Nominative singular neuter form.

निर्दुःखम् (nirduḥkham) - Describing the nature of (brahman) as beyond pain. (free from suffering, painless)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of nirduḥkha

nirduḥkha - free from pain, painless

Compound type : bahuvrihi (nis+duḥkha)

• nis – without, out, away
  indeclinable
• duḥkha – suffering, pain, misery
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with 'brahma'.

असुखम् (asukham) - Describing the nature of (brahman) as beyond ordinary dualities of pleasure and pain. (free from pleasure, without happiness)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of asukha

asukha - without pleasure, unhappy

Compound type : bahuvrihi (a+sukha)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• sukha – pleasure, happiness, joy
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with 'brahma'.

च (ca) - Connects the two adjectives 'nirduḥkham' and 'asukham'. (and, also)

(indeclinable)

यत् (yat) - Refers back to (brahman). (which, what, that (relative pronoun))

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that

Note: Neuter nominative singular form of 'tad'.

यत्र (yatra) - Referring to the state or realm where (brahman) is realized. (where, to which, in which)

(indeclinable)

Note: Denotes place or state.

गत्वा (gatvā) - Having attained or reached (brahman). (having gone, after going)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Root gam (to go) + ktvā (suffix for absolutive)

Root: gam (class 1)

न (na) - Negates the action of grieving. (not, no)

(indeclinable)

शोचन्ति (śocanti) - People do not experience sorrow. (they grieve, they sorrow)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (lat) of śuc

present tense

Root śuc, present active 3rd person plural

Root: śuc (class 1)

भवतः (bhavataḥ) - Refers to what the serpent means by his statement. (by you, of you, your (honorific))

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of bhavat

bhavat - your honor, you (honorific)

Present Active Participle (acting as pronoun)

Root bhū + śatṛ (suffix for present active participle)

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Also ablative singular masculine. Here, genitive indicating possession or agency.

किम् (kim) - Interrogative pronoun asking about the serpent's intent. (what, why)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, which, why

Note: Also adverbially 'why?'.

विवक्षितम् (vivakṣitam) - What is intended to be said or conveyed by you. (intended, meant, spoken of)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vivakṣita

vivakṣita - intended, desired to be said

Past Passive Participle (Desiderative)

Root vac (to speak) + desiderative prefix (vi-vac-s) + kta (suffix for PPP)

Prefix: vi

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'kim'.