महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-177, verse-31

कृतकृत्याः पुनर्वर्णा यदि वृत्तं न विद्यते ।
संकरस्तत्र नागेन्द्र बलवान्प्रसमीक्षितः ॥३१॥

31. kṛtakṛtyāḥ punarvarṇā yadi vṛttaṁ na vidyate ,
saṁkarastatra nāgendra balavānprasamīkṣitaḥ.

31. kṛta-kṛtyāḥ punar varṇāḥ yadi vṛttam na vidyate
saṃkaraḥ tatra nāga-indra balavān prasakmīkṣitaḥ

31. Even if the social classes (varṇāḥ) have fulfilled their prescribed duties (kṛtakṛtyāḥ), yet if proper conduct (vṛttam) is not maintained, then, O best of serpents (Nāgendra), a powerful intermixture (saṃkaraḥ) is observed.

31. (שאם) המעמדות החברתיים כבר מילאו את חובתם אך אורח החיים הראוי אינו נמצא, הרי שהערבוב בין המעמדות הוא החזק שם, הו מלך הנחשים.

Words meanings summery:

• कृत-कृत्याः (kṛta-kṛtyāḥ) - having fulfilled their prescribed duties (having done what ought to be done, having fulfilled their duty, accomplished)

• पुनर् (punar) - again, but, on the other hand, moreover

• वर्णाः (varṇāḥ) - social classes (varṇas) (social classes, castes, colors)

• यदि (yadi) - if

• वृत्तम् (vṛttam) - proper conduct (conduct, behavior, prescribed duties, existence)

• न (na) - not, no

• विद्यते (vidyate) - is maintained (is found, exists, is)

• संकरः (saṁkaraḥ) - intermixture (of social classes) (intermixture (of classes), confusion, crossing, hybrid)

• तत्र (tatra) - there, in that case

• नाग-इन्द्र (nāga-indra) - O best of serpents (vocative address) (chief of serpents, king of serpents)

• बलवान् (balavān) - strong, powerful, mighty

• प्रसक्मीक्षितः (prasakmīkṣitaḥ) - is observed, is seen, is considered

Words meanings and morphology

कृत-कृत्याः (kṛta-kṛtyāḥ) - having fulfilled their prescribed duties (having done what ought to be done, having fulfilled their duty, accomplished)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kṛtakṛtya

kṛtakṛtya - one who has done his duty, accomplished, satisfied, successful

Bahuvrīhi compound: kṛta (done) + kṛtya (what ought to be done).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kṛta+kṛtya)

• kṛta – done, made, performed
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root kṛ (to do, to make).
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• kṛtya – to be done, proper, duty, obligation
  adjective (neuter)
  Gerundive/Passive Participle
  From root kṛ (to do, to make) + ya suffix (gerundive).
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agrees with 'varṇāḥ'.

पुनर् (punar) - again, but, on the other hand, moreover

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects clauses, often indicating a contrasting condition.

वर्णाः (varṇāḥ) - social classes (varṇas) (social classes, castes, colors)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of varṇa

varṇa - social class (varṇa), color, outward appearance, type

From root vṛ (to cover, to choose, to describe).

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Subject of the conditional clause.

यदि (yadi) - if

(indeclinable)

Note: Introduces a conditional clause.

वृत्तम् (vṛttam) - proper conduct (conduct, behavior, prescribed duties, existence)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vṛtta

vṛtta - conduct, behavior, course of action, event, existence, that which has occurred

Past Passive Participle (substantivized)

From root vṛt (to be, to exist, to turn).

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'vidyate'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates 'vidyate'.

विद्यते (vidyate) - is maintained (is found, exists, is)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present indicative (laṭ) of vid

Present Indicative

Third person singular, middle voice (ātmanepada). Root vid in the 4th class (dyotādi group).

Root: vid (class 4)

संकरः (saṁkaraḥ) - intermixture (of social classes) (intermixture (of classes), confusion, crossing, hybrid)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃkara

saṁkara - intermixture, confusion, crossing, hybridity, specifically of castes

From saṃ-kṛ (to mix, to mingle).

Prefix: sam

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Subject of 'prasakmīkṣitaḥ'.

तत्र (tatra) - there, in that case

(indeclinable)

Derived from tad (that) + tral suffix.

Note: Indicates the consequence of the conditional clause.

नाग-इन्द्र (nāga-indra) - O best of serpents (vocative address) (chief of serpents, king of serpents)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of nāgendra

nāgendra - chief of serpents, king of serpents

Compound of nāga (serpent) and indra (chief, lord).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nāga+indra)

• nāga – serpent, snake, elephant
  noun (masculine)
• indra – chief, lord, best, Indra (the deity)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Addressed to a listener, indicating the narrative context of the verse.

बलवान् (balavān) - strong, powerful, mighty

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of balavat

balavat - strong, powerful, mighty, robust

From bala (strength) + matup suffix.

Note: Agrees with 'saṃkaraḥ'.

प्रसक्मीक्षितः (prasakmīkṣitaḥ) - is observed, is seen, is considered

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prasakmīkṣita

prasakmīkṣita - observed, seen, considered, looked upon

Past Passive Participle

From pra-sam-īkṣ (to look at carefully, to observe).

Prefixes: pra+sam

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

Note: Predicate of 'saṃkaraḥ', implying an implicit 'is'.

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