महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-177, verse-31

कृतकृत्याः पुनर्वर्णा यदि वृत्तं न विद्यते ।
संकरस्तत्र नागेन्द्र बलवान्प्रसमीक्षितः ॥३१॥

31. kṛtakṛtyāḥ punarvarṇā yadi vṛttaṁ na vidyate ,
saṁkarastatra nāgendra balavānprasamīkṣitaḥ.

31. kṛta-kṛtyāḥ punar varṇāḥ yadi vṛttam na vidyate
saṃkaraḥ tatra nāga-indra balavān prasakmīkṣitaḥ

31. Even if the social classes (varṇāḥ) have fulfilled their prescribed duties (kṛtakṛtyāḥ), yet if proper conduct (vṛttam) is not maintained, then, O best of serpents (Nāgendra), a powerful intermixture (saṃkaraḥ) is observed.

Words meanings summery:

• कृत-कृत्याः (kṛta-kṛtyāḥ) - having fulfilled their prescribed duties (having done what ought to be done, having fulfilled their duty, accomplished)

• पुनर् (punar) - again, but, on the other hand, moreover

• वर्णाः (varṇāḥ) - social classes (varṇas) (social classes, castes, colors)

• यदि (yadi) - if

• वृत्तम् (vṛttam) - proper conduct (conduct, behavior, prescribed duties, existence)

• न (na) - not, no

• विद्यते (vidyate) - is maintained (is found, exists, is)

• संकरः (saṁkaraḥ) - intermixture (of social classes) (intermixture (of classes), confusion, crossing, hybrid)

• तत्र (tatra) - there, in that case

• नाग-इन्द्र (nāga-indra) - O best of serpents (vocative address) (chief of serpents, king of serpents)

• बलवान् (balavān) - strong, powerful, mighty

• प्रसक्मीक्षितः (prasakmīkṣitaḥ) - is observed, is seen, is considered

Words meanings and morphology

कृत-कृत्याः (kṛta-kṛtyāḥ) - having fulfilled their prescribed duties (having done what ought to be done, having fulfilled their duty, accomplished)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kṛtakṛtya

kṛtakṛtya - one who has done his duty, accomplished, satisfied, successful

Bahuvrīhi compound: kṛta (done) + kṛtya (what ought to be done).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kṛta+kṛtya)

• kṛta – done, made, performed
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root kṛ (to do, to make).
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• kṛtya – to be done, proper, duty, obligation
  adjective (neuter)
  Gerundive/Passive Participle
  From root kṛ (to do, to make) + ya suffix (gerundive).
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agrees with 'varṇāḥ'.

पुनर् (punar) - again, but, on the other hand, moreover

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects clauses, often indicating a contrasting condition.

वर्णाः (varṇāḥ) - social classes (varṇas) (social classes, castes, colors)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of varṇa

varṇa - social class (varṇa), color, outward appearance, type

From root vṛ (to cover, to choose, to describe).

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Subject of the conditional clause.

यदि (yadi) - if

(indeclinable)

Note: Introduces a conditional clause.

वृत्तम् (vṛttam) - proper conduct (conduct, behavior, prescribed duties, existence)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vṛtta

vṛtta - conduct, behavior, course of action, event, existence, that which has occurred

Past Passive Participle (substantivized)

From root vṛt (to be, to exist, to turn).

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'vidyate'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates 'vidyate'.

विद्यते (vidyate) - is maintained (is found, exists, is)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present indicative (laṭ) of vid

Present Indicative

Third person singular, middle voice (ātmanepada). Root vid in the 4th class (dyotādi group).

Root: vid (class 4)

संकरः (saṁkaraḥ) - intermixture (of social classes) (intermixture (of classes), confusion, crossing, hybrid)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃkara

saṁkara - intermixture, confusion, crossing, hybridity, specifically of castes

From saṃ-kṛ (to mix, to mingle).

Prefix: sam

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Subject of 'prasakmīkṣitaḥ'.

तत्र (tatra) - there, in that case

(indeclinable)

Derived from tad (that) + tral suffix.

Note: Indicates the consequence of the conditional clause.

नाग-इन्द्र (nāga-indra) - O best of serpents (vocative address) (chief of serpents, king of serpents)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of nāgendra

nāgendra - chief of serpents, king of serpents

Compound of nāga (serpent) and indra (chief, lord).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nāga+indra)

• nāga – serpent, snake, elephant
  noun (masculine)
• indra – chief, lord, best, Indra (the deity)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Addressed to a listener, indicating the narrative context of the verse.

बलवान् (balavān) - strong, powerful, mighty

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of balavat

balavat - strong, powerful, mighty, robust

From bala (strength) + matup suffix.

Note: Agrees with 'saṃkaraḥ'.

प्रसक्मीक्षितः (prasakmīkṣitaḥ) - is observed, is seen, is considered

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prasakmīkṣita

prasakmīkṣita - observed, seen, considered, looked upon

Past Passive Participle

From pra-sam-īkṣ (to look at carefully, to observe).

Prefixes: pra+sam

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

Note: Predicate of 'saṃkaraḥ', implying an implicit 'is'.