महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-177, verse-19

वेद्यं यच्चात्थ निर्दुःखमसुखं च नराधिप ।
ताभ्यां हीनं पदं चान्यन्न तदस्तीति लक्षये ॥१९॥

19. vedyaṁ yaccāttha nirduḥkhamasukhaṁ ca narādhipa ,
tābhyāṁ hīnaṁ padaṁ cānyanna tadastīti lakṣaye.

19. vedyam yat ca āttha nirduḥkham asukham ca narādhipa
tābhyām hīnam padam ca anyat na tat asti iti lakṣaye

19. O king of men, concerning that which you referred to as the knowable (brahman), free from suffering and free from (ordinary) pleasure—I perceive that there is no other state (mokṣa) devoid of these two qualities.

Words meanings summery:

• वेद्यम् (vedyam) - That which is the object of knowledge, referring to (brahman). (to be known, knowable, knowledge)

• यत् (yat) - Refers back to the 'knowable (brahman)' mentioned by Yudhiṣṭhira. (which, what (relative pronoun))

• च (ca) - and, also

• आत्थ (āttha) - Refers to Yudhiṣṭhira's previous statement in verse 52334. (you said, you spoke)

• निर्दुःखम् (nirduḥkham) - Describing the nature of (brahman) as beyond pain. (free from suffering, painless)

• असुखम् (asukham) - Describing the nature of (brahman) as beyond ordinary dualities of pleasure and pain. (free from pleasure, without happiness)

• च (ca) - and, also

• नराधिप (narādhipa) - Addressing Yudhiṣṭhira. (O king of men, O ruler of men)

• ताभ्याम् (tābhyām) - Referring to 'suffering' (duḥkha) and '(ordinary) pleasure' (sukha). (by those two, from those two)

• हीनम् (hīnam) - Lacking suffering and pleasure. (devoid of, deprived of, deficient, inferior)

• पदम् (padam) - A spiritual state or ultimate abode, implying liberation (mokṣa). (state, condition, abode, step, word)

• च (ca) - and, also

• अन्यत् (anyat) - Referring to any other state besides the one described. (other, another)

• न (na) - Negates the existence of such another state. (not, no)

• तत् (tat) - Refers to 'anyat padam' (that other state). (that, it)

• अस्ति (asti) - Indicates existence. (is, exists)

• इति (iti) - Indicates that what follows is the speaker's perception or conclusion. (thus, in this manner, so (introduces or closes a quote/thought))

• लक्षये (lakṣaye) - The speaker (the serpent) is expressing his understanding. (I perceive, I observe, I understand)

Words meanings and morphology

वेद्यम् (vedyam) - That which is the object of knowledge, referring to (brahman). (to be known, knowable, knowledge)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vedya

vedya - to be known, knowable, knowledge

Gerundive/Future Passive Participle

Root vid (to know) + ya (suffix for FPP)

Root: vid (class 6)

यत् (yat) - Refers back to the 'knowable (brahman)' mentioned by Yudhiṣṭhira. (which, what (relative pronoun))

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that

Note: Neuter nominative singular form of 'yad'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

आत्थ (āttha) - Refers to Yudhiṣṭhira's previous statement in verse 52334. (you said, you spoke)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, perfect past (lit) of vac

perfect tense

Root vac, perfect active 2nd person singular, irregular form

Root: vac (class 2)

निर्दुःखम् (nirduḥkham) - Describing the nature of (brahman) as beyond pain. (free from suffering, painless)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of nirduḥkha

nirduḥkha - free from pain, painless

Compound type : bahuvrihi (nis+duḥkha)

• nis – without, out, away
  indeclinable
• duḥkha – suffering, pain, misery
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with 'vedyam'.

असुखम् (asukham) - Describing the nature of (brahman) as beyond ordinary dualities of pleasure and pain. (free from pleasure, without happiness)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of asukha

asukha - without pleasure, unhappy

Compound type : bahuvrihi (a+sukha)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• sukha – pleasure, happiness, joy
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with 'vedyam'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

नराधिप (narādhipa) - Addressing Yudhiṣṭhira. (O king of men, O ruler of men)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of narādhipa

narādhipa - king of men, ruler

Compound type : tatpurusha (nara+adhipa)

• nara – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• adhipa – ruler, lord, master
  noun (masculine)

ताभ्याम् (tābhyām) - Referring to 'suffering' (duḥkha) and '(ordinary) pleasure' (sukha). (by those two, from those two)

(pronoun)

Ablative, neuter, dual of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Also dative/instrumental dual. Here ablative 'devoid of those two'.

हीनम् (hīnam) - Lacking suffering and pleasure. (devoid of, deprived of, deficient, inferior)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of hīna

hīna - deficient, devoid of, abandoned

Past Passive Participle

Root hā (to abandon, forsake) + kta (suffix for PPP)

Root: hā (class 3)

Note: Agrees with 'padam'.

पदम् (padam) - A spiritual state or ultimate abode, implying liberation (mokṣa). (state, condition, abode, step, word)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pada

pada - foot, step, position, state, word, abode

Root: pad (class 4)

Note: Also accusative singular. Here nominative.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अन्यत् (anyat) - Referring to any other state besides the one described. (other, another)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of anya

anya - other, another, different

Note: Nominative singular neuter.

न (na) - Negates the existence of such another state. (not, no)

(indeclinable)

तत् (tat) - Refers to 'anyat padam' (that other state). (that, it)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Nominative singular neuter.

अस्ति (asti) - Indicates existence. (is, exists)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of as

present tense

Root as, present active 3rd person singular

Root: as (class 2)

इति (iti) - Indicates that what follows is the speaker's perception or conclusion. (thus, in this manner, so (introduces or closes a quote/thought))

(indeclinable)

लक्षये (lakṣaye) - The speaker (the serpent) is expressing his understanding. (I perceive, I observe, I understand)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (lat) of lakṣ

present tense

Root lakṣ, present active 1st person singular, ātmanepada

Root: lakṣ (class 10)