महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-177, verse-26

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
जातिरत्र महासर्प मनुष्यत्वे महामते ।
संकरात्सर्ववर्णानां दुष्परीक्ष्येति मे मतिः ॥२६॥

26. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
jātiratra mahāsarpa manuṣyatve mahāmate ,
saṁkarātsarvavarṇānāṁ duṣparīkṣyeti me matiḥ.

26. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca | jātiḥ atra mahāsarpa manuṣyatve
mahāmate | saṅkarāt sarvavarṇānām duṣparīkṣyā iti me matiḥ

26. Yudhiṣṭhira said: 'O great serpent, O venerable one, in human society, my opinion is that lineage (jāti) is difficult to determine because of the intermixing of all the social classes (varṇas).'

26. יוּדְהִישְׁתְהִירַה אמר, הו נחש גדול ובעל תבונה, לדעתי קשה לבדוק את הלידה בקרב בני האדם, בגלל הערבוב בין כל המעמדות החברתיים.

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhiṣṭhira (name of the eldest Pāṇḍava)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• जातिः (jātiḥ) - lineage (jāti) (birth, lineage, caste, species)

• अत्र (atra) - here, in this matter (here, in this place, in this matter)

• महासर्प (mahāsarpa) - O great serpent (vocative, addressing Nahuṣa) (O great serpent)

• मनुष्यत्वे (manuṣyatve) - in human society (in humanity, in human nature, in human society)

• महामते (mahāmate) - O venerable one, O great-minded one (vocative, addressing Nahuṣa) (O great-minded one, O intelligent one)

• सङ्करात् (saṅkarāt) - because of the intermixing (from intermixture, due to confusion, from hybridity)

• सर्ववर्णानाम् (sarvavarṇānām) - of all social classes (varṇas) (of all varnas, of all colors/classes)

• दुष्परीक्ष्या (duṣparīkṣyā) - difficult to determine (difficult to examine, hard to ascertain)

• इति (iti) - thus (marking the end of a quote or thought) (thus, so, in this manner)

• मे (me) - my (my, to me, by me)

• मतिः (matiḥ) - opinion (thought, mind, opinion, counsel)

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhiṣṭhira (name of the eldest Pāṇḍava)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhiṣṭhira (steadfast in battle)

Compound type : aluk-tatpuruṣa (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle
  noun (feminine)
  Locative singular of yudh (battle)
• sthira – firm, steady, stable
  adjective (masculine)
  From root sthā (to stand)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

जातिः (jātiḥ) - lineage (jāti) (birth, lineage, caste, species)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of jāti

jāti - birth, lineage, caste, genus, species, kind

From root jan (to be born) + ti suffix

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Subject of the implied verb 'is' or 'becomes'.

अत्र (atra) - here, in this matter (here, in this place, in this matter)

(indeclinable)

महासर्प (mahāsarpa) - O great serpent (vocative, addressing Nahuṣa) (O great serpent)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahāsarpa

mahāsarpa - great serpent, large snake

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+sarpa)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (feminine)
• sarpa – serpent, snake
  noun (masculine)
  Root: sṛp (class 1)

मनुष्यत्वे (manuṣyatve) - in human society (in humanity, in human nature, in human society)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of manuṣyatva

manuṣyatva - humanity, human nature, state of being human

From manuṣya (human) + tva (abstract suffix)

महामते (mahāmate) - O venerable one, O great-minded one (vocative, addressing Nahuṣa) (O great-minded one, O intelligent one)

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahāmat

mahāmat - great-minded, very intelligent, venerable

From mahā (great) + mat (mind)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+mati)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (feminine)
• mati – mind, thought, intelligence
  noun (feminine)
  Root: man (class 4)

Note: Qualifies Nahuṣa.

सङ्करात् (saṅkarāt) - because of the intermixing (from intermixture, due to confusion, from hybridity)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of saṅkara

saṅkara - intermixture, confusion, hybridity, cross-breed

From sam + kṛ (to mix)

Prefix: sam

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Expresses cause.

सर्ववर्णानाम् (sarvavarṇānām) - of all social classes (varṇas) (of all varnas, of all colors/classes)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of sarvavarṇa

sarvavarṇa - all colors, all classes/castes

Compound type : karmadhāraya (sarva+varṇa)

• sarva – all, every, whole
  pronoun (masculine)
• varṇa – color, class, social order, letter, quality
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Qualifies 'saṅkarāt'.

दुष्परीक्ष्या (duṣparīkṣyā) - difficult to determine (difficult to examine, hard to ascertain)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of duṣparīkṣya

duṣparīkṣya - difficult to examine, hard to ascertain, hard to investigate

Gerundive/Future Passive Participle

From dus + pari + īkṣ (to see/examine) + ṇyat suffix

Compound type : prādi-samāsa (dus+parīkṣya)

• dus – bad, difficult, ill
  indeclinable
• parīkṣya – to be examined, verifiable
  adjective (masculine)
  Gerundive/Future Passive Particaripple
  From pari + īkṣ (to see/examine) + ṇyat suffix
  Prefix: pari
  Root: īkṣ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'jātiḥ'.

इति (iti) - thus (marking the end of a quote or thought) (thus, so, in this manner)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used to introduce or conclude direct speech or thought.

मे (me) - my (my, to me, by me)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of aham

aham - I

Note: Enclitic form of the first person pronoun.

मतिः (matiḥ) - opinion (thought, mind, opinion, counsel)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of mati

mati - thought, mind, opinion, understanding, intention

From root man (to think) + ti suffix

Root: man (class 4)

Note: Predicate nominative for the implied verb 'is'.

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