महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-177, verse-26

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
जातिरत्र महासर्प मनुष्यत्वे महामते ।
संकरात्सर्ववर्णानां दुष्परीक्ष्येति मे मतिः ॥२६॥

26. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
jātiratra mahāsarpa manuṣyatve mahāmate ,
saṁkarātsarvavarṇānāṁ duṣparīkṣyeti me matiḥ.

26. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca | jātiḥ atra mahāsarpa manuṣyatve
mahāmate | saṅkarāt sarvavarṇānām duṣparīkṣyā iti me matiḥ

26. Yudhiṣṭhira said: 'O great serpent, O venerable one, in human society, my opinion is that lineage (jāti) is difficult to determine because of the intermixing of all the social classes (varṇas).'

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhiṣṭhira (name of the eldest Pāṇḍava)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• जातिः (jātiḥ) - lineage (jāti) (birth, lineage, caste, species)

• अत्र (atra) - here, in this matter (here, in this place, in this matter)

• महासर्प (mahāsarpa) - O great serpent (vocative, addressing Nahuṣa) (O great serpent)

• मनुष्यत्वे (manuṣyatve) - in human society (in humanity, in human nature, in human society)

• महामते (mahāmate) - O venerable one, O great-minded one (vocative, addressing Nahuṣa) (O great-minded one, O intelligent one)

• सङ्करात् (saṅkarāt) - because of the intermixing (from intermixture, due to confusion, from hybridity)

• सर्ववर्णानाम् (sarvavarṇānām) - of all social classes (varṇas) (of all varnas, of all colors/classes)

• दुष्परीक्ष्या (duṣparīkṣyā) - difficult to determine (difficult to examine, hard to ascertain)

• इति (iti) - thus (marking the end of a quote or thought) (thus, so, in this manner)

• मे (me) - my (my, to me, by me)

• मतिः (matiḥ) - opinion (thought, mind, opinion, counsel)

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhiṣṭhira (name of the eldest Pāṇḍava)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhiṣṭhira (steadfast in battle)

Compound type : aluk-tatpuruṣa (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle
  noun (feminine)
  Locative singular of yudh (battle)
• sthira – firm, steady, stable
  adjective (masculine)
  From root sthā (to stand)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

जातिः (jātiḥ) - lineage (jāti) (birth, lineage, caste, species)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of jāti

jāti - birth, lineage, caste, genus, species, kind

From root jan (to be born) + ti suffix

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Subject of the implied verb 'is' or 'becomes'.

अत्र (atra) - here, in this matter (here, in this place, in this matter)

(indeclinable)

महासर्प (mahāsarpa) - O great serpent (vocative, addressing Nahuṣa) (O great serpent)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahāsarpa

mahāsarpa - great serpent, large snake

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+sarpa)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (feminine)
• sarpa – serpent, snake
  noun (masculine)
  Root: sṛp (class 1)

मनुष्यत्वे (manuṣyatve) - in human society (in humanity, in human nature, in human society)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of manuṣyatva

manuṣyatva - humanity, human nature, state of being human

From manuṣya (human) + tva (abstract suffix)

महामते (mahāmate) - O venerable one, O great-minded one (vocative, addressing Nahuṣa) (O great-minded one, O intelligent one)

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahāmat

mahāmat - great-minded, very intelligent, venerable

From mahā (great) + mat (mind)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+mati)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (feminine)
• mati – mind, thought, intelligence
  noun (feminine)
  Root: man (class 4)

Note: Qualifies Nahuṣa.

सङ्करात् (saṅkarāt) - because of the intermixing (from intermixture, due to confusion, from hybridity)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of saṅkara

saṅkara - intermixture, confusion, hybridity, cross-breed

From sam + kṛ (to mix)

Prefix: sam

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Expresses cause.

सर्ववर्णानाम् (sarvavarṇānām) - of all social classes (varṇas) (of all varnas, of all colors/classes)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of sarvavarṇa

sarvavarṇa - all colors, all classes/castes

Compound type : karmadhāraya (sarva+varṇa)

• sarva – all, every, whole
  pronoun (masculine)
• varṇa – color, class, social order, letter, quality
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Qualifies 'saṅkarāt'.

दुष्परीक्ष्या (duṣparīkṣyā) - difficult to determine (difficult to examine, hard to ascertain)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of duṣparīkṣya

duṣparīkṣya - difficult to examine, hard to ascertain, hard to investigate

Gerundive/Future Passive Participle

From dus + pari + īkṣ (to see/examine) + ṇyat suffix

Compound type : prādi-samāsa (dus+parīkṣya)

• dus – bad, difficult, ill
  indeclinable
• parīkṣya – to be examined, verifiable
  adjective (masculine)
  Gerundive/Future Passive Particaripple
  From pari + īkṣ (to see/examine) + ṇyat suffix
  Prefix: pari
  Root: īkṣ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'jātiḥ'.

इति (iti) - thus (marking the end of a quote or thought) (thus, so, in this manner)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used to introduce or conclude direct speech or thought.

मे (me) - my (my, to me, by me)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of aham

aham - I

Note: Enclitic form of the first person pronoun.

मतिः (matiḥ) - opinion (thought, mind, opinion, counsel)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of mati

mati - thought, mind, opinion, understanding, intention

From root man (to think) + ti suffix

Root: man (class 4)

Note: Predicate nominative for the implied verb 'is'.