महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-54, verse-3

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
इत्युक्तः शकुनिः प्राह जितमित्येव तं नृपम् ॥३॥

3. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
ityuktaḥ śakuniḥ prāha jitamityeva taṁ nṛpam.

3. vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca iti uktaḥ śakuniḥ
prāha jitam iti eva tam nṛpam

3. Vaiśaṃpāyana said: "Thus addressed, Śakuni merely said to that king (Yudhiṣṭhira), 'It is won!'"

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - The narrator of the Mahābhārata to Janamejaya. (Vaiśaṃpāyana (name of a sage))

• उवाच (uvāca) - Vaiśaṃpāyana said. (said, spoke)

• इति (iti) - indicates the preceding statement (Yudhiṣṭhira's speech) (thus, so, in this manner)

• उक्तः (uktaḥ) - Śakuni, having been addressed (by Yudhiṣṭhira) (spoken, said, addressed)

• शकुनिः (śakuniḥ) - The dice player, maternal uncle of Duryodhana. (Śakuni)

• प्राह (prāha) - Śakuni said in response. (said, spoke, declared)

• जितम् (jitam) - 'It is won!' referring to the current stake. (won, conquered)

• इति (iti) - indicates the direct speech 'jitam' (thus, so, in this manner)

• एव (eva) - emphasizes that Śakuni *just* said 'It is won!' (indeed, only, just, merely)

• तम् (tam) - that king (Yudhiṣṭhira) (him, that (masculine accusative))

• नृपम् (nṛpam) - King Yudhiṣṭhira (king)

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - The narrator of the Mahābhārata to Janamejaya. (Vaiśaṃpāyana (name of a sage))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - name of a sage, pupil of Vyāsa

उवाच (uvāca) - Vaiśaṃpāyana said. (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

From root vac, reduplicated perfect, third person singular

Root: vac (class 2)

इति (iti) - indicates the preceding statement (Yudhiṣṭhira's speech) (thus, so, in this manner)

(indeclinable)

उक्तः (uktaḥ) - Śakuni, having been addressed (by Yudhiṣṭhira) (spoken, said, addressed)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vac

vac - to speak, to say

Past Passive Participle

From root vac, masculine singular nominative

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Agrees with `śakuniḥ`.

शकुनिः (śakuniḥ) - The dice player, maternal uncle of Duryodhana. (Śakuni)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śakuni

śakuni - name of a Gandhara prince, maternal uncle of Duryodhana

Note: Subject of `prāha`.

प्राह (prāha) - Śakuni said in response. (said, spoke, declared)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of ah

Perfect Active

From root ah, with prefix pra, third person singular

Prefix: pra

Root: ah

जितम् (jitam) - 'It is won!' referring to the current stake. (won, conquered)

(participle)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ji

ji - to conquer, to win

Past Passive Participle

From root ji, neuter singular nominative/accusative

Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Acts as a nominal sentence: 'Victory (is achieved).'

इति (iti) - indicates the direct speech 'jitam' (thus, so, in this manner)

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - emphasizes that Śakuni *just* said 'It is won!' (indeed, only, just, merely)

(indeclinable)

an emphatic particle

तम् (tam) - that king (Yudhiṣṭhira) (him, that (masculine accusative))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he

Note: Object of `prāha`.

नृपम् (nṛpam) - King Yudhiṣṭhira (king)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nṛpa

nṛpa - king

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nṛ+pa)

• nṛ – man, human
  noun (masculine)
• pa – protecting, guarding
  adjective
  from root pā (to protect)
  Root: pā (class 2)

Note: In apposition to `tam`.