महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-54, verse-20

एकैको यत्र लभते सहस्रपरमां भृतिम् ।
युध्यतोऽयुध्यतो वापि वेतनं मासकालिकम् ।
एतद्राजन्धनं मह्यं तेन दीव्याम्यहं त्वया ॥२०॥

20. ekaiko yatra labhate sahasraparamāṁ bhṛtim ,
yudhyato'yudhyato vāpi vetanaṁ māsakālikam ,
etadrājandhanaṁ mahyaṁ tena dīvyāmyahaṁ tvayā.

20. ekaikaḥ yatra labhate sahasraparamām
bhṛtim yudhyataḥ ayudhyataḥ vā api
vetanam māsakālikam etat rājan
dhanam mahyam tena dīvyāmi aham tvayā

20. Where each one receives a monthly wage (vetana) of at least a thousand (coins/units) as pay (bhṛti), whether fighting or not fighting. O king, this is my wealth, and with it, I will gamble with you.

Words meanings summery:

• एकैकः (ekaikaḥ) - Refers to each charioteer/warrior mentioned in the previous verse. (each one, every single one)

• यत्र (yatra) - "Among whom" or "in which situation". (where, in which, in which case)

• लभते (labhate) - he obtains, receives, gains

• सहस्रपरमाम् (sahasraparamām) - A monthly pay of at least a thousand units/coins. (whose highest is a thousand, amounting to a thousand)

• भृतिम् (bhṛtim) - Pay received by the warriors/charioteers. (wages, hire, maintenance)

• युध्यतः (yudhyataḥ) - Genitive singular of the present active participle of yudh. (of one fighting, while fighting)

• अयुध्यतः (ayudhyataḥ) - Genitive singular of the present active participle of a-yudh. (of one not fighting, while not fighting)

• वा (vā) - or

• अपि (api) - "Even if not fighting". (even, also, too)

• वेतनम् (vetanam) - Synonym for bhṛtim, emphasized. (wages, salary, pay)

• मासकालिकम् (māsakālikam) - Refers to the monthly nature of the payment. (monthly, pertaining to a month)

• एतत् (etat) - Refers to the combined wealth of chariots, horses, charioteers, and their wages. (this)

• राजन् (rājan) - O king

• धनम् (dhanam) - wealth, riches, treasure

• मह्यम् (mahyam) - for me, to me

• तेन (tena) - by that, with that

• दीव्यामि (dīvyāmi) - I play, I gamble

• अहम् (aham) - I

• त्वया (tvayā) - with you

Words meanings and morphology

एकैकः (ekaikaḥ) - Refers to each charioteer/warrior mentioned in the previous verse. (each one, every single one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ekaika

ekaika - each one, every single one

From eka + eka (reduplication for distributive sense)

Note: Subject of labhate.

यत्र (yatra) - "Among whom" or "in which situation". (where, in which, in which case)

(indeclinable)

Relative adverb derived from ya- (who, which)

Note: Introduces a subordinate clause describing the conditions.

लभते (labhate) - he obtains, receives, gains

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of labh

Present middle

From root √labh

Root: labh (class 1)

Note: Subject is ekaikaḥ.

सहस्रपरमाम् (sahasraparamām) - A monthly pay of at least a thousand units/coins. (whose highest is a thousand, amounting to a thousand)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of sahasraparamā

sahasraparamā - having a thousand as the highest, amounting to a thousand

Bahuvrīhi compound

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sahasra+paramā)

• sahasra – a thousand
  noun (neuter)
• paramā – highest, utmost, chief, best
  adjective (feminine)
  Feminine form of parama.

Note: Agrees with bhṛtim.

भृतिम् (bhṛtim) - Pay received by the warriors/charioteers. (wages, hire, maintenance)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of bhṛti

bhṛti - hire, wages, pay, maintenance, support

From √bhṛ (to bear, support)

Root: bhṛ (class 1)

युध्यतः (yudhyataḥ) - Genitive singular of the present active participle of yudh. (of one fighting, while fighting)

(Present Active Participle)

Note: Functions adjectivally to implied 'person'.

अयुध्यतः (ayudhyataḥ) - Genitive singular of the present active participle of a-yudh. (of one not fighting, while not fighting)

(Present Active Participle)

Compound type : nañ-tatpurusha (a+yudh)

• a – not, un-, in- (negation)
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• yudh – fighting, a fighter
  Present Active Participle (masculine)
  Present Active Participle
  From root √yudh
  Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Functions adjectivally to implied 'person'.

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

Note: Connects yudhyataḥ and ayudhyataḥ.

अपि (api) - "Even if not fighting". (even, also, too)

(indeclinable)

Particle

Note: Reinforces the preceding vā.

वेतनम् (vetanam) - Synonym for bhṛtim, emphasized. (wages, salary, pay)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vetana

vetana - wages, pay, salary, hire

From √vi (to go, move)

Root: vi (class 2)

Note: Parallel to bhṛtim.

मासकालिकम् (māsakālikam) - Refers to the monthly nature of the payment. (monthly, pertaining to a month)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of māsakālika

māsakālika - monthly, belonging to a month

From māsa (month) + kālika (temporal suffix).

Compound type : tatpurusha (māsa+kālika)

• māsa – a month
  noun (masculine)
  From √mā (to measure).
  Root: mā (class 2)
• kālika – temporal, seasonable, monthly (depending on context)
  adjective (neuter)
  From kāla (time) + -ika.

Note: Agrees with vetanam.

एतत् (etat) - Refers to the combined wealth of chariots, horses, charioteers, and their wages. (this)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Can also be accusative. Here, likely nominative as subject of 'is'.

राजन् (rājan) - O king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Addressing a king.

धनम् (dhanam) - wealth, riches, treasure

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dhana

dhana - wealth, riches, property, money, treasure

From √dhā (to place, hold)

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Predicate nominative to 'etat'.

मह्यम् (mahyam) - for me, to me

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me (first person pronoun)

Dative singular of asmad

Note: Null gender for pronouns.

तेन (tena) - by that, with that

(pronoun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Refers to 'dhanam'.

दीव्यामि (dīvyāmi) - I play, I gamble

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of dīv

Present active

From root √dīv

Root: dīv (class 4)

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me (first person pronoun)

Nominative singular of asmad

Note: Explicit subject for dīvyāmi.

त्वया (tvayā) - with you

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (second person pronoun)

Instrumental singular of yuṣmad

Note: Used with implied 'saha' or verbs of playing/contesting.