महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-54, verse-27

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
एतच्छ्रुत्वा व्यवसितो निकृतिं समुपाश्रितः ।
जितमित्येव शकुनिर्युधिष्ठिरमभाषत ॥२७॥

27. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
etacchrutvā vyavasito nikṛtiṁ samupāśritaḥ ,
jitamityeva śakuniryudhiṣṭhiramabhāṣata.

27. vaiśaṃpāyanaḥ uvāca etat śrutvā vyavasitaḥ nikṛtim
samupāśritaḥ jitam iti eva śakuniḥ yudhiṣṭhiram abhāṣata

27. Vaiśampāyana said: Having heard this, Śakuni, resolute and having resorted to deception, addressed Yudhiṣṭhira, saying, 'It is won!'

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - Vaiśampāyana

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

• एतत् (etat) - this

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• व्यवसितः (vyavasitaḥ) - resolved, determined, decided

• निकृतिम् (nikṛtim) - deceit, fraud, wickedness

• समुपाश्रितः (samupāśritaḥ) - having resorted to, having taken refuge in, having adopted

• जितम् (jitam) - won, conquered

• इति (iti) - thus, so, end of quote

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

• शकुनिः (śakuniḥ) - Śakuni

• युधिष्ठिरम् (yudhiṣṭhiram) - Yudhiṣṭhira

• अभाषत (abhāṣata) - he spoke, he addressed

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - Vaiśampāyana

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Vaiśampāyana (a sage, narrator of the Mahābhārata to Janamejaya)

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

एतत् (etat) - this

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, this here

Note: Accusative singular neuter, object of 'śrutvā'.

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

absolutive/gerund

Derived from root 'śru' (to hear), class 5, with suffix -tvā.

Root: śru (class 5)

व्यवसितः (vyavasitaḥ) - resolved, determined, decided

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vyavasita

vyavasita - resolved, determined, decided, settled, undertaken

past passive participle

Derived from root 'so' (to finish, determine) with prefixes 'vi' and 'ava'. Formed with suffix -ta.

Prefixes: vi+ava

Root: so (class 4)

Note: Used adjectivally to describe Śakuni.

निकृतिम् (nikṛtim) - deceit, fraud, wickedness

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of nikṛti

nikṛti - deceit, fraud, wickedness, disrespect, humiliation

Note: Object of 'samupāśritaḥ'.

समुपाश्रितः (samupāśritaḥ) - having resorted to, having taken refuge in, having adopted

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of samupāśrita

samupāśrita - resorted to, taken refuge in, dependent on, adopted

past passive participle

Derived from root 'śri' (to resort to, lean upon) with prefixes 'sam', 'upa', and 'ā'. Formed with suffix -ta.

Prefixes: sam+upa+ā

Root: śri (class 1)

Note: Used adjectivally to describe Śakuni.

जितम् (jitam) - won, conquered

(participle)

Nominative, neuter, singular of jita

jita - won, conquered, subdued, defeated

past passive participle

Derived from root 'ji' (to conquer, win). Formed with suffix -ta.

Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Used as an exclamation, 'It is won!'

इति (iti) - thus, so, end of quote

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes the exclamation.

शकुनिः (śakuniḥ) - Śakuni

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śakuni

śakuni - Śakuni (a character in the Mahābhārata, maternal uncle of Duryodhana, known for his skill in dice and deceit)

Note: Subject of 'abhāṣata'.

युधिष्ठिरम् (yudhiṣṭhiram) - Yudhiṣṭhira

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhiṣṭhira (the eldest of the Pāṇḍavas, known for his adherence to dharma)

Note: Object of 'abhāṣata'.

अभाषत (abhāṣata) - he spoke, he addressed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of bhāṣ

Root: bhāṣ (class 1)