महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-54, verse-28

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
ताम्रलोहैः परिवृता निधयो मे चतुःशताः ।
पञ्चद्रौणिक एकैकः सुवर्णस्याहतस्य वै ।
एतद्राजन्धनं मह्यं तेन दीव्याम्यहं त्वया ॥२८॥

28. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
tāmralohaiḥ parivṛtā nidhayo me catuḥśatāḥ ,
pañcadrauṇika ekaikaḥ suvarṇasyāhatasya vai ,
etadrājandhanaṁ mahyaṁ tena dīvyāmyahaṁ tvayā.

28. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca tāmralohaiḥ parivṛtā
nidhayaḥ me catuḥśatāḥ pañcadrauṇikaḥ
ekaikaḥ suvarṇasya āhatasya vai etat
rājan dhanam mahyam tena dīvyāmi aham tvayā

28. Yudhiṣṭhira said: 'I possess four hundred treasure-hoards, secured with copper and iron, each containing five droṇas of refined gold. This, O King, is my wealth, and with it, I shall gamble with you.'

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

• ताम्रलोहैः (tāmralohaiḥ) - with copper and iron (bands/casings) (with copper and iron, by copper and iron)

• परिवृता (parivṛtā) - surrounded, covered, enclosed

• निधयः (nidhayaḥ) - treasure-hoards (treasures, hoards)

• मे (me) - my (my, to me, for me)

• चतुःशताः (catuḥśatāḥ) - four hundred

• पञ्चद्रौणिकः (pañcadrauṇikaḥ) - containing five droṇas, five droṇa-measure

• एकैकः (ekaikaḥ) - each one, individually

• सुवर्णस्य (suvarṇasya) - of gold, of good color

• आहतस्य (āhatasya) - of refined (gold) (of purified, of refined, of beaten)

• वै (vai) - indeed, certainly, verily

• एतत् (etat) - this

• राजन् (rājan) - O King

• धनम् (dhanam) - wealth, riches, property

• मह्यम् (mahyam) - to me, for me

• तेन (tena) - with that, by that

• दीव्यामि (dīvyāmi) - I play, I gamble

• अहम् (aham) - I

• त्वया (tvayā) - with you, by you

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhiṣṭhira (the eldest of the Pāṇḍavas, known for his adherence to dharma)

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

ताम्रलोहैः (tāmralohaiḥ) - with copper and iron (bands/casings) (with copper and iron, by copper and iron)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of tāmraloha

tāmraloha - copper and iron (collectively), a copper-iron alloy

Compound type : dvandva (tāmra+loha)

• tāmra – copper, red
  noun (neuter)
• loha – iron, metal, red metal (copper)
  noun (neuter)

Note: Describes the material enclosing the treasures.

परिवृता (parivṛtā) - surrounded, covered, enclosed

(participle)

Nominative, feminine, plural of parivṛta

parivṛta - surrounded, encompassed, covered, enclosed

past passive participle

Derived from root 'vṛ' (to cover, enclose) with prefix 'pari'. Formed with suffix -ta.

Prefix: pari

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Grammatically, 'parivṛtā' is feminine nominative plural. This creates a gender mismatch with 'nidhayaḥ' and 'catuḥśatāḥ' which are masculine plural. It may be a poetic license, a scribal variation for 'parivṛtāḥ' (masculine plural), or refer to an implied feminine noun (e.g., 'sampadaḥ', 'riches') that the treasures represent.

निधयः (nidhayaḥ) - treasure-hoards (treasures, hoards)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nidhi

nidhi - treasure, hoard, store, deposit

Note: Subject of the sentence, implied verb 'are'.

मे (me) - my (my, to me, for me)

(pronoun)

singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Possessive genitive, 'my treasures'.

चतुःशताः (catuḥśatāḥ) - four hundred

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of catuḥśata

catuḥśata - four hundred

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (catur+śata)

• catur – four
  numeral
• śata – hundred
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with 'nidhayaḥ'.

पञ्चद्रौणिकः (pañcadrauṇikaḥ) - containing five droṇas, five droṇa-measure

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pañcadrauṇika

pañcadrauṇika - containing five droṇas, of five droṇas (a measure of capacity or weight)

Compound formed from 'pañca' (five) and 'droṇa' (a measure, like a bucket or specific weight/capacity). The suffix -ika means 'consisting of' or 'pertaining to'.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pañca+droṇika)

• pañca – five
  numeral
• droṇika – pertaining to a droṇa (a measure)
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from 'droṇa' with suffix -ika.

Note: Agrees with 'ekaikaḥ'.

एकैकः (ekaikaḥ) - each one, individually

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ekaika

ekaika - each one, one by one, individually

Compound of 'eka' repeated for distributive sense.

Compound type : dvandva (eka+eka)

• eka – one
  numeral
• eka – one
  numeral

Note: Refers distributively to each treasure.

सुवर्णस्य (suvarṇasya) - of gold, of good color

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of suvarṇa

suvarṇa - gold, good color, beautiful, golden

Note: Indicates the material of the contents.

आहतस्य (āhatasya) - of refined (gold) (of purified, of refined, of beaten)

(participle)

Genitive, neuter, singular of āhata

āhata - beaten, struck, purified, new, unblemished

past passive participle

Derived from root 'han' (to strike, beat) with prefix 'ā'. Formed with suffix -ta.

Prefix: ā

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'suvarṇasya', qualifying the gold.

वै (vai) - indeed, certainly, verily

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

एतत् (etat) - this

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, this here

Note: Nominative singular neuter, referring to 'dhanam'.

राजन् (rājan) - O King

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

धनम् (dhanam) - wealth, riches, property

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dhana

dhana - wealth, riches, property, treasure, money

मह्यम् (mahyam) - to me, for me

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

तेन (tena) - with that, by that

(pronoun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Instrumental singular neuter, referring to the wealth.

दीव्यामि (dīvyāmi) - I play, I gamble

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of dīv

Root: dīv (class 4)

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

त्वया (tvayā) - with you, by you

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (singular/plural)

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