महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-54, verse-15

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
एतच्छ्रुत्वा व्यवसितो निकृतिं समुपाश्रितः ।
जितमित्येव शकुनिर्युधिष्ठिरमभाषत ॥१५॥

15. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
etacchrutvā vyavasito nikṛtiṁ samupāśritaḥ ,
jitamityeva śakuniryudhiṣṭhiramabhāṣata.

15. vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca etat śrutvā vyavasitaḥ nikṛtim
samupāśritaḥ jitam iti eva śakuniḥ yudhiṣṭhiram abhāṣata

15. Vaiśaṃpāyana said: Having heard this, Shakuni, resolute and resorting to trickery, addressed Yudhishthira, exclaiming, 'It is won!'

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - The narrator of the Mahabharata to Janamejaya. (Vaiśampaayana (proper name))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• एतत् (etat) - Yudhishthira's statement (from previous verse) (this)

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard Yudhishthira's statement (having heard)

• व्यवसितः (vyavasitaḥ) - Shakuni, being resolute in his gambling (resolved, determined, resolute)

• निकृतिम् (nikṛtim) - deceit, fraud, trickery

• समुपाश्रितः (samupāśritaḥ) - Shakuni having resorted to trickery in the dice game. (having resorted to, having taken refuge in)

• जितम् (jitam) - 'It is won!' (exclamation in the dice game) (won, conquered)

• इति (iti) - introducing direct speech (thus, so, saying)

• एव (eva) - Emphasizing the statement 'It is won!' (indeed, only, certainly)

• शकुनिः (śakuniḥ) - The maternal uncle of Duryodhana, known for his skill and trickery in dice. (Shakuni (proper name))

• युधिष्ठिरम् (yudhiṣṭhiram) - The eldest Pandava, righteous king, object of Shakuni's speech. (Yudhishthira (proper name))

• अभाषत (abhāṣata) - Shakuni addressed Yudhishthira. (spoke to, addressed)

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - The narrator of the Mahabharata to Janamejaya. (Vaiśampaayana (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Vaiśampaayana (sage, disciple of Vyasa)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, Perfect (lit) of √vac

Perfect active

From root √vac, `lit` (Perfect)

Root: √vac (class 2)

एतत् (etat) - Yudhishthira's statement (from previous verse) (this)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this

Demonstrative pronoun

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard Yudhishthira's statement (having heard)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Derived from root √śru (to hear)

Root: √śru (class 5)

व्यवसितः (vyavasitaḥ) - Shakuni, being resolute in his gambling (resolved, determined, resolute)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vyavasita

vyavasita - determined, resolved, settled, undertaken

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √so (to put an end to) with prefixes vi and ava

Prefixes: vi+ava

Root: √so (class 4)

निकृतिम् (nikṛtim) - deceit, fraud, trickery

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of nikṛti

nikṛti - deceit, fraud, trickery, injury

Derived from prefix ni and root √kṛ (to do, make)

Prefix: ni

Root: √kṛ (class 8)

Note: Object of `samupāśritaḥ`.

समुपाश्रितः (samupāśritaḥ) - Shakuni having resorted to trickery in the dice game. (having resorted to, having taken refuge in)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of samupāśrita

samupāśrita - resorted to, taken refuge in, dependent on

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √śri (to resort to, depend on) with prefixes sam, upa, and ā

Prefixes: sam+upa+ā

Root: √śri (class 1)

जितम् (jitam) - 'It is won!' (exclamation in the dice game) (won, conquered)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of jita

jita - won, conquered, gained

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √ji (to conquer, win)

Root: √ji (class 1)

Note: Used as an exclamation.

इति (iti) - introducing direct speech (thus, so, saying)

(indeclinable)

Particle

एव (eva) - Emphasizing the statement 'It is won!' (indeed, only, certainly)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle

शकुनिः (śakuniḥ) - The maternal uncle of Duryodhana, known for his skill and trickery in dice. (Shakuni (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śakuni

śakuni - Shakuni (proper name), a bird

युधिष्ठिरम् (yudhiṣṭhiram) - The eldest Pandava, righteous king, object of Shakuni's speech. (Yudhishthira (proper name))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhishthira (proper name), steady in battle

Compound: yudhi (in battle, locative of yudh) + ṣṭhira (standing firm)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (yudh+sthira)

• yudh – battle, fight, war
  noun (feminine)
  Root: √yudh (class 4)
• sthira – firm, steady, stable, unmoving
  adjective
  Derived from root √sthā (to stand)
  Root: √sthā (class 1)

Note: Object of `abhāṣata`.

अभाषत (abhāṣata) - Shakuni addressed Yudhishthira. (spoke to, addressed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, Imperfect (laṅ) of √bhāṣ

Imperfect middle

From root √bhāṣ, 1st class, `laṅ` (Imperfect)

Root: √bhāṣ (class 1)