महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-54, verse-22

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
अश्वांस्तित्तिरिकल्माषान्गान्धर्वान्हेममालिनः ।
ददौ चित्ररथस्तुष्टो यांस्तान्गाण्डीवधन्वने ।
एतद्राजन्धनं मह्यं तेन दीव्याम्यहं त्वया ॥२२॥

22. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
aśvāṁstittirikalmāṣāngāndharvānhemamālinaḥ ,
dadau citrarathastuṣṭo yāṁstāngāṇḍīvadhanvane ,
etadrājandhanaṁ mahyaṁ tena dīvyāmyahaṁ tvayā.

22. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca aśvān tittirikalmāṣān
gāndharvān hemamālinaḥ dadau citrarathaḥ
tuṣṭaḥ yān tān gāṇḍīvadhanvane etat
rājan dhanam mahyam tena dīvyāmi aham tvayā

22. Yudhiṣṭhira said: "King Citraratha, being pleased, gave those Gandharva horses, speckled like partridges and adorned with golden garlands, to the wielder of the Gāṇḍīva bow (Arjuna). O King, this wealth is mine, and with it, I shall gamble with you."

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - eldest of the Pāṇḍavas (Yudhiṣṭhira)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• अश्वान् (aśvān) - horses

• तित्तिरिकल्माषान् (tittirikalmāṣān) - describing the horses as having a variegated color like partridges (speckled like partridges)

• गान्धर्वान् (gāndharvān) - describing the horses as being of Gandharva origin, known for their swiftness (Gandharva, belonging to Gandharvas)

• हेममालिनः (hemamālinaḥ) - describing the horses as decorated with golden garlands (wearing golden garlands, adorned with gold)

• ददौ (dadau) - gave, bestowed

• चित्ररथः (citrarathaḥ) - Name of a Gandharva king (Citraratha)

• तुष्टः (tuṣṭaḥ) - Citraratha, being pleased (pleased, satisfied, contented)

• यान् (yān) - referring to the Gandharva horses (which, those (masc. plural))

• तान् (tān) - referring to the Gandharva horses (those (masc. plural))

• गाण्डीवधन्वने (gāṇḍīvadhanvane) - to Arjuna, who wields the Gāṇḍīva bow (to the wielder of the Gāṇḍīva bow)

• एतत् (etat) - this wealth (this)

• राजन् (rājan) - Yudhiṣṭhira addressing Śakuni (or Dhṛtarāṣṭra if the context implies it, but likely Śakuni as he's gambling with him) (O King)

• धनम् (dhanam) - wealth, riches, property

• मह्यम् (mahyam) - This wealth is mine (dative of possession) (to me, for me, mine)

• तेन (tena) - with that wealth mentioned (by that, with that)

• दीव्यामि (dīvyāmi) - I gamble, I play

• अहम् (aham) - I

• त्वया (tvayā) - Yudhiṣṭhira addressing Śakuni (or Dhṛtarāṣṭra if the context implies it, but likely Śakuni as he's gambling with him) (with you)

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - eldest of the Pāṇḍavas (Yudhiṣṭhira)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - firm in battle, steadfast in war; proper noun: name of the eldest Pāṇḍava

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

अश्वान् (aśvān) - horses

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of aśva

aśva - horse

तित्तिरिकल्माषान् (tittirikalmāṣān) - describing the horses as having a variegated color like partridges (speckled like partridges)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tittirikalmāṣa

tittirikalmāṣa - speckled or spotted like a partridge

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tittiri+kalmāṣa)

• tittiri – partridge
  noun (masculine)
• kalmāṣa – spotted, speckled, variegated
  adjective (masculine)

गान्धर्वान् (gāndharvān) - describing the horses as being of Gandharva origin, known for their swiftness (Gandharva, belonging to Gandharvas)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of gāndharva

gāndharva - belonging to or produced by the Gandharvas; a Gandharva (celestial musician)

Derived from Gandharva (name of a class of celestial beings)

हेममालिनः (hemamālinaḥ) - describing the horses as decorated with golden garlands (wearing golden garlands, adorned with gold)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of hemamālin

hemamālin - wearing golden garlands, adorned with gold

Compound of heman (gold) and mālin (having a garland), often formed with the suffix -in

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (heman+mālin)

• heman – gold
  noun (neuter)
• mālin – having garlands, garlanded
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from mālā (garland) with possessive suffix -in

ददौ (dadau) - gave, bestowed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of dā

Root: dā (class 3)

चित्ररथः (citrarathaḥ) - Name of a Gandharva king (Citraratha)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of citraratha

citraratha - having a brilliant chariot; proper noun: name of a Gandharva king

तुष्टः (tuṣṭaḥ) - Citraratha, being pleased (pleased, satisfied, contented)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tuṣṭa

tuṣṭa - pleased, satisfied, contented

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of root tuṣ (to be pleased, satisfied)

Root: tuṣ (class 4)

यान् (yān) - referring to the Gandharva horses (which, those (masc. plural))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - which, what, who, whichever

तान् (tān) - referring to the Gandharva horses (those (masc. plural))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

गाण्डीवधन्वने (gāṇḍīvadhanvane) - to Arjuna, who wields the Gāṇḍīva bow (to the wielder of the Gāṇḍīva bow)

(proper noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of gāṇḍīvadhanvan

gāṇḍīvadhanvan - one whose bow is Gāṇḍīva; wielder of the Gāṇḍīva bow (Arjuna)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (gāṇḍīva+dhanvan)

• gāṇḍīva – name of Arjuna's bow
  noun (neuter)
• dhanvan – bow; archer
  noun (neuter)

एतत् (etat) - this wealth (this)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, that

राजन् (rājan) - Yudhiṣṭhira addressing Śakuni (or Dhṛtarāṣṭra if the context implies it, but likely Śakuni as he's gambling with him) (O King)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

धनम् (dhanam) - wealth, riches, property

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dhana

dhana - wealth, riches, property, money

Root: dhā (class 3)

मह्यम् (mahyam) - This wealth is mine (dative of possession) (to me, for me, mine)

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of mad

mad - I, my, me (first person pronoun)

तेन (tena) - with that wealth mentioned (by that, with that)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, those

दीव्यामि (dīvyāmi) - I gamble, I play

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (lat) of dīv

Root: dīv (class 4)

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I (first person pronoun)

त्वया (tvayā) - Yudhiṣṭhira addressing Śakuni (or Dhṛtarāṣṭra if the context implies it, but likely Śakuni as he's gambling with him) (with you)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (second person pronoun)