महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-54, verse-29

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
एतच्छ्रुत्वा व्यवसितो निकृतिं समुपाश्रितः ।
जितमित्येव शकुनिर्युधिष्ठिरमभाषत ॥२९॥

29. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
etacchrutvā vyavasito nikṛtiṁ samupāśritaḥ ,
jitamityeva śakuniryudhiṣṭhiramabhāṣata.

29. vaiśampāyana uvāca etat śrutvā vyavasitaḥ nikṛtim
samupāśritaḥ jitam iti eva śakuniḥ yudhiṣṭhiram abhāṣata

29. Vaiśampāyana said: Having heard this, Shakuni, resolute and resorting to deceit, said to Yudhishthira, "It is won!"

Words meanings summery:

• वैशम्पायन (vaiśampāyana) - Vaiśampāyana, the narrator of the Mahābhārata to Janamejaya. (The sage Vaiśampāyana)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• एतत् (etat) - Refers to the preceding events or the outcome of the dice game. (this, this thing)

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• व्यवसितः (vyavasitaḥ) - Shakuni's determination regarding the outcome of the dice game. (determined, resolved, decided)

• निकृतिम् (nikṛtim) - The trickery involved in the dice game, orchestrated by Shakuni. (deceit, fraud, dishonesty)

• समुपाश्रितः (samupāśritaḥ) - Shakuni deliberately employing trickery. (having resorted to, having taken refuge in, dependent on)

• जितम् (jitam) - The dice game has been won. (won, conquered)

• इति (iti) - thus, so, indicating quoted speech

• एव (eva) - Emphasizes the certainty of the victory claim. (indeed, only, just)

• शकुनिः (śakuniḥ) - The maternal uncle of Duryodhana, known for his skill in dice and deceit. (Shakuni (name))

• युधिष्ठिरम् (yudhiṣṭhiram) - Yudhishthira, the eldest Pandava brother, the one playing the dice game. (to Yudhishthira)

• अभाषत (abhāṣata) - Shakuni addressed Yudhishthira. (spoke, addressed)

Words meanings and morphology

वैशम्पायन (vaiśampāyana) - Vaiśampāyana, the narrator of the Mahābhārata to Janamejaya. (The sage Vaiśampāyana)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśampāyana

vaiśampāyana - Name of a sage, a disciple of Vyasa.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Third person singular, perfect tense, active voice of √vac (to speak).

Root: vac (class 2)

एतत् (etat) - Refers to the preceding events or the outcome of the dice game. (this, this thing)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

absolutive / gerund

Formed from √śru (to hear) with the suffix -tvā.

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: An absolutive, acting adverbially.

व्यवसितः (vyavasitaḥ) - Shakuni's determination regarding the outcome of the dice game. (determined, resolved, decided)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vyavasita

vyavasita - determined, resolved, decided, settled

Past Passive Participle

From prefix vi + ava + √so (to sharpen, make an end of).

Prefixes: vi+ava

Root: so (class 4)

Note: Qualifies Shakuni.

निकृतिम् (nikṛtim) - The trickery involved in the dice game, orchestrated by Shakuni. (deceit, fraud, dishonesty)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of nikṛti

nikṛti - deceit, fraud, dishonesty, injury

From ni + √kṛ (to do).

Prefix: ni

Root: kṛ (class 8)

समुपाश्रितः (samupāśritaḥ) - Shakuni deliberately employing trickery. (having resorted to, having taken refuge in, dependent on)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of samupāśrita

samupāśrita - resorted to, having taken refuge in, leaning on

Past Passive Participle

From sam + upa + ā + √śri (to resort to, lean on).

Prefixes: sam+upa+ā

Root: śri (class 1)

Note: Qualifies Shakuni.

जितम् (jitam) - The dice game has been won. (won, conquered)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of jita

jita - won, conquered, subdued

Past Passive Participle

From √ji (to conquer, win).

Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Used as an impersonal predicate.

इति (iti) - thus, so, indicating quoted speech

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - Emphasizes the certainty of the victory claim. (indeed, only, just)

(indeclinable)

शकुनिः (śakuniḥ) - The maternal uncle of Duryodhana, known for his skill in dice and deceit. (Shakuni (name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śakuni

śakuni - Name of a Gandhara prince, maternal uncle of Duryodhana. Also, a bird.

Note: The subject of the verb 'abhāṣata'.

युधिष्ठिरम् (yudhiṣṭhiram) - Yudhishthira, the eldest Pandava brother, the one playing the dice game. (to Yudhishthira)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - firm in battle; Name of the eldest Pandava.

Compound of yudhi (in battle, locative of yudh) and sthira (firm).

Compound type : tatpurusha (yudh+sthira)

• yudh – battle, fight
  noun (feminine)
  Root: yudh (class 4)
• sthira – firm, steady, stable
  adjective (masculine)
  From √sthā (to stand) with -ira suffix.
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Object of the verb 'abhāṣata'.

अभाषत (abhāṣata) - Shakuni addressed Yudhishthira. (spoke, addressed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, imperfect (luṅ) of bhāṣ

Third person singular, imperfect tense, middle voice of √bhāṣ (to speak).

Root: bhāṣ (class 1)