महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-54, verse-23

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
एतच्छ्रुत्वा व्यवसितो निकृतिं समुपाश्रितः ।
जितमित्येव शकुनिर्युधिष्ठिरमभाषत ॥२३॥

23. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
etacchrutvā vyavasito nikṛtiṁ samupāśritaḥ ,
jitamityeva śakuniryudhiṣṭhiramabhāṣata.

23. vaiśampāyanaḥ uvāca etat śrutvā vyavasitaḥ nikṛtim
samupāśritaḥ jitam iti eva śakuniḥ yudhiṣṭhiram abhāṣata

23. Vaiśampāyana said: Having heard this, Śakuni, determined and resorting to deceit (nikṛti), said to Yudhiṣṭhira, "I have won!"

Words meanings summery:

• वैशम्पायनः (vaiśampāyanaḥ) - the sage Vaiśampāyana (narrator) (Vaiśampāyana)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• एतत् (etat) - this statement (of Yudhiṣṭhira) (this)

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• व्यवसितः (vyavasitaḥ) - Śakuni, being determined (determined, resolved, decisive)

• निकृतिम् (nikṛtim) - deceit, fraud, injury

• समुपाश्रितः (samupāśritaḥ) - Śakuni, who had resorted to deceit (resorted to, taken refuge in, dependent on)

• जितम् (jitam) - Referring to the victory in the dice game, 'I have won' (won, conquered)

• इति (iti) - marks the beginning or end of direct speech or thought (thus, so)

• एव (eva) - emphatic particle (indeed, only, just)

• शकुनिः (śakuniḥ) - The maternal uncle of Duryodhana, known for his cunning in the dice game. (Śakuni)

• युधिष्ठिरम् (yudhiṣṭhiram) - eldest of the Pāṇḍavas (Yudhiṣṭhira)

• अभाषत (abhāṣata) - spoke, addressed, said

Words meanings and morphology

वैशम्पायनः (vaiśampāyanaḥ) - the sage Vaiśampāyana (narrator) (Vaiśampāyana)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśampāyana

vaiśampāyana - Name of a celebrated ancient sage, pupil of Vyāsa and narrator of the Mahābhārata

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

एतत् (etat) - this statement (of Yudhiṣṭhira) (this)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, that

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Absolutive (gerund) of root śru (to hear)

Root: śru (class 5)

व्यवसितः (vyavasitaḥ) - Śakuni, being determined (determined, resolved, decisive)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vyavasita

vyavasita - determined, resolved, settled, decisive

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of root sā with upasargas vi and ava (to determine, resolve)

Prefixes: vi+ava

Root: sā (class 6)

निकृतिम् (nikṛtim) - deceit, fraud, injury

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of nikṛti

nikṛti - deceit, fraud, trickery, injury, humiliation

Prefix: ni

Root: kṛ (class 8)

समुपाश्रितः (samupāśritaḥ) - Śakuni, who had resorted to deceit (resorted to, taken refuge in, dependent on)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of samupāśrita

samupāśrita - resorted to, taken refuge in, having recourse to, dependent on

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of root śri with upasargas sam and upa (to resort to, take refuge in)

Prefixes: sam+upa

Root: śri (class 1)

जितम् (jitam) - Referring to the victory in the dice game, 'I have won' (won, conquered)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of jita

jita - won, conquered, subdued

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of root ji (to conquer, win)

Root: ji (class 1)

इति (iti) - marks the beginning or end of direct speech or thought (thus, so)

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - emphatic particle (indeed, only, just)

(indeclinable)

शकुनिः (śakuniḥ) - The maternal uncle of Duryodhana, known for his cunning in the dice game. (Śakuni)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śakuni

śakuni - a bird; proper noun: name of the maternal uncle of Duryodhana

युधिष्ठिरम् (yudhiṣṭhiram) - eldest of the Pāṇḍavas (Yudhiṣṭhira)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - firm in battle, steadfast in war; proper noun: name of the eldest Pāṇḍava

अभाषत (abhāṣata) - spoke, addressed, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, imperfect (luṅ) of bhāṣ

Root: bhāṣ (class 1)