महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-54, verse-18

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
एतच्छ्रुत्वा व्यवसितो निकृतिं समुपाश्रितः ।
जितमित्येव शकुनिर्युधिष्ठिरमभाषत ॥१८॥

18. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
etacchrutvā vyavasito nikṛtiṁ samupāśritaḥ ,
jitamityeva śakuniryudhiṣṭhiramabhāṣata.

18. vaiśaṃpāyanaḥ uvāca etat śrutvā vyavasitaḥ nikṛtim
samupāśritaḥ jitam iti eva śakuniḥ yudhiṣṭhiram abhāṣata

18. Vaiśampāyana said: Having heard this, Śakuni, resolute and having resorted to deceit, then said to Yudhiṣṭhira, "It is won!"

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - Vaiśampāyana

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

• एतत् (etat) - Refers to Yudhiṣṭhira's previous statement. (this)

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• व्यवसितः (vyavasitaḥ) - Firmly resolved (to win). (resolved, determined, intent)

• निकृतिम् (nikṛtim) - deceit, fraud, wickedness

• समुपाश्रितः (samupāśritaḥ) - Having employed (deceit). (having resorted to, having taken refuge in, dependent on)

• जितम् (jitam) - "It is won!" (won, conquered)

• इति (iti) - Marks the end of a quotation. (thus, so, which means)

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, certainly

• शकुनिः (śakuniḥ) - The maternal uncle of Duryodhana, known for his skill in dice. (Śakuni (proper noun))

• युधिष्ठिरम् (yudhiṣṭhiram) - The eldest Pāṇḍava brother, recipient of Śakuni's words. (Yudhiṣṭhira)

• अभाषत (abhāṣata) - he spoke, addressed

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - Vaiśampāyana

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Name of a sage, narrator of the Mahābhārata

Patronymic from Viśaṃpāyana

Note: Speaker of the verse.

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect active

Perfect form of √vac

Root: vac (class 2)

एतत् (etat) - Refers to Yudhiṣṭhira's previous statement. (this)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

Demonstrative pronoun

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Absolutive suffix -tvā

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Describes an action completed before the main verb.

व्यवसितः (vyavasitaḥ) - Firmly resolved (to win). (resolved, determined, intent)

(Past Passive Participle)

Note: Refers to Śakuni.

निकृतिम् (nikṛtim) - deceit, fraud, wickedness

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of nikṛti

nikṛti - deceit, fraud, trickery, wickedness, injury

From ni-√kṛ (to do, perform)

Prefix: ni

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Object of samupāśritaḥ.

समुपाश्रितः (samupāśritaḥ) - Having employed (deceit). (having resorted to, having taken refuge in, dependent on)

(Past Passive Participle)

Note: Functions as an adjective describing Śakuni.

जितम् (jitam) - "It is won!" (won, conquered)

(Past Passive Participle)

Note: Within the quote.

इति (iti) - Marks the end of a quotation. (thus, so, which means)

(indeclinable)

Particle

एव (eva) - indeed, only, certainly

(indeclinable)

Particle

Note: Null gender/number/case for indeclinables.

शकुनिः (śakuniḥ) - The maternal uncle of Duryodhana, known for his skill in dice. (Śakuni (proper noun))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śakuni

śakuni - A bird, a proper name (Śakuni, uncle of Duryodhana)

Note: Subject of abhāṣata.

युधिष्ठिरम् (yudhiṣṭhiram) - The eldest Pāṇḍava brother, recipient of Śakuni's words. (Yudhiṣṭhira)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Steady in battle, a proper name (Yudhiṣṭhira)

From yudhi (in battle, locative of yudh 'battle') + sthira (firm, steady).

Compound type : tatpurusha (yudh+sthira)

• yudh – battle, fight, war
  noun (feminine)
  From root √yudh (to fight).
  Root: yudh (class 4)
• sthira – firm, steady, constant, enduring
  adjective (masculine)
  From √sthā (to stand).
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Object of abhāṣata.

अभाषत (abhāṣata) - he spoke, addressed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (luṅ) of bhāṣ

Imperfect active

Imperfect form with augment 'a-'

Root: bhāṣ (class 1)

Note: Augmented past tense.