महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-27, verse-21

उभौ बलवृतौ वीरावुभौ तीव्रपराक्रमौ ।
निर्जित्याजौ महाराज वङ्गराजमुपाद्रवत् ॥२१॥

21. ubhau balavṛtau vīrāvubhau tīvraparākramau ,
nirjityājau mahārāja vaṅgarājamupādravat.

21. ubhau balavṛtau vīrau ubhau tīvraparākramau
nirjitya ājau mahārāja vaṅgarājam upādravat

21. O great king, having conquered both these kings, who were accompanied by their forces and possessed fierce valor, he then proceeded to attack the King of Vaṅga.

Words meanings summery:

• उभौ (ubhau) - Refers to the two kings mentioned in the previous verse. (both)

• बलवृतौ (balavṛtau) - surrounded by forces, accompanied by troops

• वीरौ (vīrau) - Refers to the two kings. (heroes, brave ones)

• उभौ (ubhau) - both

• तीव्रपराक्रमौ (tīvraparākramau) - of fierce prowess, very valiant

• निर्जित्य (nirjitya) - having conquered, having vanquished

• आजौ (ājau) - in battle, in combat

• महाराज (mahārāja) - An address to the listener/reader. (O great king)

• वङ्गराजम् (vaṅgarājam) - the king of Vaṅga

• उपाद्रवत् (upādravat) - attacked, assaulted

Words meanings and morphology

उभौ (ubhau) - Refers to the two kings mentioned in the previous verse. (both)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of ubha

ubha - both

बलवृतौ (balavṛtau) - surrounded by forces, accompanied by troops

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, dual of balavṛta

balavṛta - surrounded by forces, accompanied by an army

Compound formed with bala (force) and vṛta (surrounded, covered)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bala+vṛta)

• bala – force, army
  noun (neuter)
• vṛta – surrounded, covered, accompanied
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root vṛ 'to cover, encompass'
  Root: vṛ (class 9)

वीरौ (vīrau) - Refers to the two kings. (heroes, brave ones)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of vīra

vīra - hero, brave man, warrior

उभौ (ubhau) - both

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of ubha

ubha - both

तीव्रपराक्रमौ (tīvraparākramau) - of fierce prowess, very valiant

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, dual of tīvraparākrama

tīvraparākrama - of fierce prowess, extremely valiant

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tīvra+parākrama)

• tīvra – fierce, intense, sharp
  adjective
• parākrama – prowess, valor, heroism
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: parā

निर्जित्य (nirjitya) - having conquered, having vanquished

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund

Root jī with prefix nir, absolutive suffix -tya

Prefix: nir

Root: jī (class 1)

आजौ (ājau) - in battle, in combat

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of āji

āji - battle, fight, contest

महाराज (mahārāja) - An address to the listener/reader. (O great king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, emperor

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+rājan)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

वङ्गराजम् (vaṅgarājam) - the king of Vaṅga

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vaṅgarāja

vaṅgarāja - king of Vaṅga (a region in ancient India)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vaṅga+rājan)

• vaṅga – name of a country/people (Bengal region)
  proper noun (masculine)
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

उपाद्रवत् (upādravat) - attacked, assaulted

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of dru

Imperfect Active

Root dru with prefix upa + ā, imperfect tense, 3rd person singular

Prefixes: upa+ā

Root: dru (class 1)