महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-17, verse-24

अथ दीर्घस्य कालस्य तपोवनगतो नृपः ।
सभार्यः स्वर्गमगमत्तपस्तप्त्वा बृहद्रथः ॥२४॥

24. atha dīrghasya kālasya tapovanagato nṛpaḥ ,
sabhāryaḥ svargamagamattapastaptvā bṛhadrathaḥ.

24. atha dīrghasya kālasya tapovanagataḥ nṛpaḥ
sabhāryaḥ svargam agamat tapas taptvā bṛhadrathaḥ

24. Then, after a long time, King Bṛhadratha, who had gone to the hermitage, attained heaven with his wife, having performed severe austerities (tapas).

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - then, now, thereupon

• दीर्घस्य (dīrghasya) - of long, prolonged

• कालस्य (kālasya) - of time

• तपोवनगतः (tapovanagataḥ) - one who has gone to the hermitage, residing in the penance grove

• नृपः (nṛpaḥ) - king

• सभार्यः (sabhāryaḥ) - with his wife, accompanied by his wife

• स्वर्गम् (svargam) - to heaven

• अगमत् (agamat) - he went

• तपस् (tapas) - asceticism, penance (tapas)

• तप्त्वा (taptvā) - having performed austerities, having practiced penance

• बृहद्रथः (bṛhadrathaḥ) - Bṛhadratha

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - then, now, thereupon

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle indicating succession or commencement.

दीर्घस्य (dīrghasya) - of long, prolonged

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of dīrgha

dīrgha - long, tall, extensive

Note: Agrees with kālasya.

कालस्य (kālasya) - of time

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, period, season

Root: kal

Note: Genitive case often denotes duration or 'after' a period of time.

तपोवनगतः (tapovanagataḥ) - one who has gone to the hermitage, residing in the penance grove

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tapovanagata

tapovanagata - gone to a hermitage, retired to an ascetic grove

Past Passive Participle (within compound)

Compound of tapas (penance) + vana (forest) + gata (gone, from root gam).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tapas+vana+gata)

• tapas – asceticism, penance (tapas)
  noun (neuter)
• vana – forest, grove
  noun (neuter)
• gata – gone, reached
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root gam (to go).
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with nṛpaḥ.

नृपः (nṛpaḥ) - king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, ruler (literally 'protector of men')

Compound of nṛ (man) + pa (protector, from root pā).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nṛ+pa)

• nṛ – man
  noun (masculine)
• pa – protector, preserver
  noun (masculine)
  From root pā (to protect).
  Root: pā (class 2)

Note: Refers to Bṛhadrathaḥ.

सभार्यः (sabhāryaḥ) - with his wife, accompanied by his wife

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sabhārya

sabhārya - with one's wife, accompanied by one's wife

Bahuvrīhi compound: sa (with) + bhāryā (wife).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+bhāryā)

• sa – with, together with
  indeclinable
• bhāryā – wife
  noun (feminine)
  From root bhṛ (to bear, support).
  Root: bhṛ (class 3)

Note: Agrees with Bṛhadrathaḥ.

स्वर्गम् (svargam) - to heaven

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of svarga

svarga - heaven, paradise, celestial world

Root: sṛj (class 6)

Note: Object of the verb agamat.

अगमत् (agamat) - he went

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of gam

Root: gam (class 1)

तपस् (tapas) - asceticism, penance (tapas)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - asceticism, penance, austerity (tapas)

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Object of the absolutive taptvā.

तप्त्वा (taptvā) - having performed austerities, having practiced penance

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root tap (to heat, to perform penance).

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Expresses an action completed before the main verb.

बृहद्रथः (bṛhadrathaḥ) - Bṛhadratha

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bṛhadratha

bṛhadratha - Bṛhadratha (proper noun, literally 'having a great chariot')

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bṛhat+ratha)

• bṛhat – great, large
  adjective
• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of agamat.