महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-17, verse-17

एष धारयिता सम्यक्चातुर्वर्ण्यं महाबलः ।
शुभाशुभमिव स्फीता सर्वसस्यधरा धरा ॥१७॥

17. eṣa dhārayitā samyakcāturvarṇyaṁ mahābalaḥ ,
śubhāśubhamiva sphītā sarvasasyadharā dharā.

17. eṣa dhārayitā samyak cāturvarṇyam mahābalaḥ
śubhāśubham iva sphītā sarvasasyadharā dharā

17. This greatly powerful one will properly uphold the system of four social classes (cāturvarṇyam), just as the abundant earth, bearing all crops, sustains both the auspicious and the inauspicious.

Words meanings summery:

• एष (eṣa) - this (king/person) (this one, he)

• धारयिता (dhārayitā) - will uphold (acting as a verb in future sense) (sustainer, upholder; one who will uphold)

• सम्यक् (samyak) - properly (properly, correctly, completely)

• चातुर्वर्ण्यम् (cāturvarṇyam) - the system of four social classes (varṇa) (the system of four social classes, the four castes)

• महाबलः (mahābalaḥ) - greatly powerful (very strong, mighty, powerful)

• शुभाशुभम् (śubhāśubham) - the auspicious and the inauspicious (good and bad, auspicious and inauspicious)

• इव (iva) - just as (like, as, as if)

• स्फीता (sphītā) - abundant (abundant, flourishing, swelling, prosperous)

• सर्वसस्यधरा (sarvasasyadharā) - bearing all crops (bearing all crops, supporting all vegetation)

• धरा (dharā) - the earth (earth, ground)

Words meanings and morphology

एष (eṣa) - this (king/person) (this one, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this

धारयिता (dhārayitā) - will uphold (acting as a verb in future sense) (sustainer, upholder; one who will uphold)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhārayitṛ

dhārayitṛ - sustainer, upholder, bearer

Agent noun (future participle)

Derived from the causative of dhṛ (to bear, hold, sustain)

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Acts as a future verb for 'eṣa'.

सम्यक् (samyak) - properly (properly, correctly, completely)

(indeclinable)

Note: Modifies 'dhārayitā'.

चातुर्वर्ण्यम् (cāturvarṇyam) - the system of four social classes (varṇa) (the system of four social classes, the four castes)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of cāturvarṇya

cāturvarṇya - the system of four classes, the state of having four classes

Derived from "caturvarṇa" (four classes) with suffix -ya (denoting state/system).

Note: Object of 'dhārayitā'.

महाबलः (mahābalaḥ) - greatly powerful (very strong, mighty, powerful)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahābala

mahābala - great strength, mighty

Karmadhāraya compound "mahā" (great) + "bala" (strength).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+bala)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective (feminine)
• bala – strength, power
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies 'eṣa'.

शुभाशुभम् (śubhāśubham) - the auspicious and the inauspicious (good and bad, auspicious and inauspicious)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śubhāśubha

śubhāśubha - good and bad, auspicious and inauspicious

Dvandva compound of "śubha" (auspicious, good) and "aśubha" (inauspicious, bad).

Compound type : dvandva (śubha+aśubha)

• śubha – auspicious, good, beautiful
  adjective (neuter)
• aśubha – inauspicious, bad, evil
  adjective (neuter)
  Negation of 'śubha' with 'a-' prefix

Note: Object of 'sustains' (implied verb in simile).

इव (iva) - just as (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

स्फीता (sphītā) - abundant (abundant, flourishing, swelling, prosperous)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of sphīta

sphīta - swollen, abundant, flourishing, prosperous

Past Passive Participle

from root sphāy (to swell, increase)

Root: sphāy (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'dharā'.

सर्वसस्यधरा (sarvasasyadharā) - bearing all crops (bearing all crops, supporting all vegetation)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of sarvasasyadharā

sarvasasyadharā - holding all crops

Tatpuruṣa compound "sarva" (all) + "sasya" (crop) + "dharā" (bearer, holder, from dhṛ).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sarva+sasya+dharā)

• sarva – all, every
  pronoun (feminine)
• sasya – crop, grain, produce
  noun (neuter)
• dharā – bearer, holder
  adjective (feminine)
  From root dhṛ (to bear) with -a suffix
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'dharā'.

धरा (dharā) - the earth (earth, ground)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of dharā

dharā - earth, ground

From root dhṛ (to bear, hold)

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Subject of the implied verb in the simile (e.g., 'sustains').