महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-17, verse-20

एवं ब्रुवन्नेव मुनिः स्वकार्यार्थं विचिन्तयन् ।
विसर्जयामास नृपं बृहद्रथमथारिहन् ॥२०॥

20. evaṁ bruvanneva muniḥ svakāryārthaṁ vicintayan ,
visarjayāmāsa nṛpaṁ bṛhadrathamathārihan.

20. evam bruvan eva muniḥ svakārya artham vicintayan
visarjayāmāsa nṛpam bṛhadratham atha arihan

20. Thus speaking, the sage, contemplating his own objective, then dismissed King Brihadratha, O destroyer of enemies (arihan).

Words meanings summery:

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner

• ब्रुवन् (bruvan) - speaking, saying

• एव (eva) - just, indeed, only

• मुनिः (muniḥ) - The sage who was speaking to King Brihadratha. (sage, ascetic)

• स्वकार्य (svakārya) - own objective, own task

• अर्थम् (artham) - for the purpose of, for the sake of

• विचिन्तयन् (vicintayan) - contemplating, pondering

• विसर्जयामास (visarjayāmāsa) - he dismissed, he sent away

• नृपम् (nṛpam) - king, ruler

• बृहद्रथम् (bṛhadratham) - Brihadratha (a proper name)

• अथ (atha) - then, now, thereupon

• अरिहन् (arihan) - Vocative address to the narrator/listener. (O destroyer of enemies)

Words meanings and morphology

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner

(indeclinable)

Note: Modifies `bruvan`.

ब्रुवन् (bruvan) - speaking, saying

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of brū

brū - to speak, to say

Present Active Participle

Formed from root `brū` (2nd class) with `śatṛ` suffix.

Root: brū (class 2)

Note: Qualifies `muniḥ`.

एव (eva) - just, indeed, only

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes `bruvan` (while *thus* speaking).

मुनिः (muniḥ) - The sage who was speaking to King Brihadratha. (sage, ascetic)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of muni

muni - sage, ascetic, seer

Root: man (class 4)

Note: Subject of `visarjayāmāsa`.

स्वकार्य (svakārya) - own objective, own task

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of svakārya

svakārya - own work, own objective

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sva+kārya)

• sva – own, one's own
  adjective
• kārya – work, business, objective
  noun (neuter)
  Gerundive
  Derived from root `kṛ` 'to do'.
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Part of compound `svakāryārtham`.

अर्थम् (artham) - for the purpose of, for the sake of

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of artha

artha - purpose, meaning, object

Root: ṛdh (class 5)

Note: Forms a compound with `svakārya`, `svakāryārtham` (for the sake of his own objective).

विचिन्तयन् (vicintayan) - contemplating, pondering

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vicint

vicint - to think, to contemplate

Present Active Participle

From `vi` + root `cint` (10th class `cit`), with `śatṛ` suffix.

Prefix: vi

Root: cit (class 10)

Note: Qualifies `muniḥ`.

विसर्जयामास (visarjayāmāsa) - he dismissed, he sent away

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of visarj

Perfect

Periphrastic perfect of `vi` + root `sṛj`. Formed with `āmāsa`.

Prefix: vi

Root: sṛj (class 6)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

नृपम् (nṛpam) - king, ruler

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, protector of men

From `nṛ` (man) + `pā` (to protect).

Note: Object of `visarjayāmāsa`.

बृहद्रथम् (bṛhadratham) - Brihadratha (a proper name)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bṛhadratha

bṛhadratha - Brihadratha (name of a king)

Note: Object of `visarjayāmāsa`.

अथ (atha) - then, now, thereupon

(indeclinable)

अरिहन् (arihan) - Vocative address to the narrator/listener. (O destroyer of enemies)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of arihan

arihan - destroyer of enemies

From `ari` (enemy) + root `han` (to kill/strike). `han` forms agent nouns in this context. Vocative singular of `arihan`.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ari+han)

• ari – enemy, foe
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ṛ (class 1)
• han – killer, slayer
  noun (masculine)
  Agent Noun
  Derived from root `han` 'to kill'.
  Root: han (class 2)

Note: Addressed to the listener/narratee.