महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-15, chapter-6, verse-5

पीडितं चापि जानामि राज्यमात्मानमेव च ।
अनेन वचसा तुभ्यं दुःखितस्य जनेश्वर ॥५॥

5. pīḍitaṁ cāpi jānāmi rājyamātmānameva ca ,
anena vacasā tubhyaṁ duḥkhitasya janeśvara.

5. pīḍitam ca api jānāmi rājyam ātmānam eva ca
anena vacasā tubhyam duḥkhitasya janeśvara

5. janeśvara,
duḥkhitasya tubhyam anena vacasā,
api ca rājyam ātmānam eva pīḍitam jānāmi ca.

5. O ruler of people (janeśvara), I know that both the kingdom and myself (ātman) are afflicted. I speak these words to you, who are distressed.

Words meanings summery:

• पीडितम् (pīḍitam) - afflicted, distressed (referring to the kingdom and the self) (afflicted, distressed, oppressed)

• च (ca) - and, also (and, also, moreover)

• अपि (api) - also (used with 'ca' to mean 'both... and') (also, even, too)

• जानामि (jānāmi) - I know (I know, I understand)

• राज्यम् (rājyam) - the kingdom (kingdom, sovereignty, reign)

• आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - myself, oneself (ātman) (self, soul, spirit, ego, oneself)

• एव (eva) - indeed, also (indeed, only, just, quite)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• अनेन (anena) - with this (speech) (by this, with this)

• वचसा (vacasā) - with these words (by speech, with words)

• तुभ्यम् (tubhyam) - to you (to you, for you)

• दुःखितस्य (duḥkhitasya) - of you, who are distressed (of the distressed, of the unhappy)

• जनेश्वर (janeśvara) - O ruler of people (O lord of men, O king)

Words meanings and morphology

पीडितम् (pīḍitam) - afflicted, distressed (referring to the kingdom and the self) (afflicted, distressed, oppressed)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pīḍita

pīḍita - afflicted, distressed, tormented

Past Passive Participle

From root pīḍ (to oppress, torment) + kta suffix

Root: pīḍ (class 1)

Note: It is a past passive participle used as an adjective, here in accusative singular neuter, qualifying 'rājyam' and 'ātmānam'.

च (ca) - and, also (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

अपि (api) - also (used with 'ca' to mean 'both... and') (also, even, too)

(indeclinable)

Note: Usually indicates 'even', 'also', but when used with 'ca' (ca... api), it often strengthens the conjunction or serves as a simple 'and' / 'also'.

जानामि (jānāmi) - I know (I know, I understand)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of jñā

Present Indicative

From root jñā (9th class verb)

Root: jñā (class 9)

राज्यम् (rājyam) - the kingdom (kingdom, sovereignty, reign)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of rājya

rājya - kingdom, realm, sovereignty, government

Note: Direct object of 'jānāmi'.

आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - myself, oneself (ātman) (self, soul, spirit, ego, oneself)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, individual soul, spirit, essence, mind, body

Note: Direct object of 'jānāmi'.

एव (eva) - indeed, also (indeed, only, just, quite)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes the preceding word. Here it emphasizes that 'myself' is also afflicted.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction. Connects 'rājyam' and 'ātmānam'.

अनेन (anena) - with this (speech) (by this, with this)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Instrumental singular of 'idam', agreeing with 'vacasā'.

वचसा (vacasā) - with these words (by speech, with words)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of vacas

vacas - speech, word, utterance

Note: Instrumental singular.

तुभ्यम् (tubhyam) - to you (to you, for you)

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (singular/plural)

Personal pronoun (2nd person)

Note: Dative singular of 'yuṣmad'.

दुःखितस्य (duḥkhitasya) - of you, who are distressed (of the distressed, of the unhappy)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of duḥkhita

duḥkhita - distressed, grieved, unhappy, suffering

Past Passive Participle

From root duḥkh (to suffer) + kta suffix

Root: duḥkh (class 1)

Note: Genitive singular masculine, agreeing with an implied 'you' (of the distressed one, i.e., of you who are distressed).

जनेश्वर (janeśvara) - O ruler of people (O lord of men, O king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of janeśvara

janeśvara - lord of men, king, ruler

Compound of jana (people) and īśvara (lord)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jana+īśvara)

• jana – people, man, creature, folk
  noun (masculine)
• īśvara – lord, master, ruler, god
  noun (masculine)

Note: Address to the lord/king.