महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-15, chapter-6, verse-23

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
यस्य नागसहस्रेण दशसंख्येन वै बलम् ।
सोऽयं नारीमुपाश्रित्य शेते राजा गतासुवत् ॥२३॥

23. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
yasya nāgasahasreṇa daśasaṁkhyena vai balam ,
so'yaṁ nārīmupāśritya śete rājā gatāsuvat.

23. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca yasya nāgasahasreṇa daśasaṃkhyena
vai balam saḥ ayam nārīm upāśritya śete rājā gatāsuvat

23. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca yasya balam daśasaṃkhyena nāgasahasreṇa vai,
saḥ ayam rājā nārīm upāśritya gatāsuvat śete

23. Yudhishthira said: 'That king, whose strength was indeed equal to ten thousand elephants, now lies down having resorted to a woman, as if lifeless.'

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• यस्य (yasya) - (referring to the Kuru king Dhritarashtra) (whose, of whom, of which)

• नागसहस्रेण (nāgasahasreṇa) - (as a measure of strength) (with a thousand elephants)

• दशसंख्येन (daśasaṁkhyena) - (meaning 10x1000, i.e., ten thousand) (by the number ten, ten in number)

• वै (vai) - indeed, verily, surely (particle)

• बलम् (balam) - strength, power, force

• सः (saḥ) - (referring to Dhritarashtra) (he, that)

• अयम् (ayam) - (referring to Dhritarashtra, standing near) (this, this one)

• नारीम् (nārīm) - (referring to Gandhari) (a woman)

• उपाश्रित्य (upāśritya) - (having leaned upon, as described in previous verse) (having resorted to, having taken refuge in, having approached)

• शेते (śete) - lies down, rests, sleeps

• राजा (rājā) - (referring to Dhritarashtra) (king, ruler)

• गतासुवत् (gatāsuvat) - like one whose life has departed, as if lifeless

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhishthira (eldest Pandava brother)

He who is firm in battle (yudhi sthira)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle
  noun (feminine)
  Locative singular of yudh (battle)
• sthira – firm, steady, stable
  adjective (masculine)
  From root sthā (to stand)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

perfect tense

3rd person singular, perfect, parasmaipada

Root: vac (class 2)

यस्य (yasya) - (referring to the Kuru king Dhritarashtra) (whose, of whom, of which)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Relative pronoun.

नागसहस्रेण (nāgasahasreṇa) - (as a measure of strength) (with a thousand elephants)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of nāgasahasra

nāgasahasra - a thousand elephants

Compound type : tatpurusha (nāga+sahasra)

• nāga – elephant, snake
  noun (masculine)
• sahasra – thousand
  noun (neuter)

Note: Often used as a measure of strength in ancient Indian texts.

दशसंख्येन (daśasaṁkhyena) - (meaning 10x1000, i.e., ten thousand) (by the number ten, ten in number)

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of daśasaṃkhya

daśasaṁkhya - number ten, ten in count

Compound type : tatpurusha (daśa+saṃkhyā)

• daśa – ten
  numeral (neuter)
• saṃkhyā – number, count
  noun (feminine)

Note: Here it modifies 'nāgasahasreṇa' implying ten times a thousand elephants.

वै (vai) - indeed, verily, surely (particle)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

बलम् (balam) - strength, power, force

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bala

bala - strength, power, force, army

सः (saḥ) - (referring to Dhritarashtra) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

अयम् (ayam) - (referring to Dhritarashtra, standing near) (this, this one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Note: Demonstrative pronoun.

नारीम् (nārīm) - (referring to Gandhari) (a woman)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of nārī

nārī - woman, female

उपाश्रित्य (upāśritya) - (having leaned upon, as described in previous verse) (having resorted to, having taken refuge in, having approached)

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Derived from root śrī (to resort to) with upasargas upa and ā + suffix -lyaP

Prefixes: upa+ā

Root: śrī (class 1)

शेते (śete) - lies down, rests, sleeps

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of śī

present tense

3rd person singular, present, ātmanepada

Root: śī (class 2)

राजा (rājā) - (referring to Dhritarashtra) (king, ruler)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

गतासुवत् (gatāsuvat) - like one whose life has departed, as if lifeless

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gatāsuvat

gatāsuvat - like one whose life has departed, as if lifeless

From gatāsu (one whose breath has gone) + -vat suffix (like)

Compound type : tatpurusha (gata+asu)

• gata – gone, departed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root gam (to go)
  Root: gam (class 1)
• asu – breath, life, vital air
  noun (masculine)

Note: Adverbial usage, agreeing with rājā.