महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-15, chapter-6, verse-2

योऽहं भवन्तं दुःखार्तमुपवासकृशं नृप ।
यताहारं क्षितिशयं नाविन्दं भ्रातृभिः सह ॥२॥

2. yo'haṁ bhavantaṁ duḥkhārtamupavāsakṛśaṁ nṛpa ,
yatāhāraṁ kṣitiśayaṁ nāvindaṁ bhrātṛbhiḥ saha.

2. yaḥ aham bhavantam duḥkhārtam upavāsakṛśam nṛpa
yatāhāram kṣitiśayam na avindam bhrātṛbhiḥ saha

2. O King, how is it that I, along with my brothers, did not realize your state: afflicted by sorrow, emaciated by fasting, with a restricted diet, and lying on the bare ground?

Words meanings summery:

• यः (yaḥ) - I who (referring to Yudhishthira) (who, which)

• अहम् (aham) - Yudhishthira (I)

• भवन्तम् (bhavantam) - Dhritarashtra (you (honorific))

• दुःखार्तम् (duḥkhārtam) - afflicted by sorrow, pained

• उपवासकृशम् (upavāsakṛśam) - emaciated by fasting

• नृप (nṛpa) - O Dhritarashtra (O king)

• यताहारम् (yatāhāram) - with restrained food, with controlled diet

• क्षितिशयम् (kṣitiśayam) - lying on the ground

• न (na) - not, no

• अविन्दम् (avindam) - I did not find, I did not know, I did not perceive

• भ्रातृभिः (bhrātṛbhiḥ) - with my (Yudhishthira's) brothers (by brothers, with brothers)

• सह (saha) - with, together with

Words meanings and morphology

यः (yaḥ) - I who (referring to Yudhishthira) (who, which)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, who, what

Note: Refers to the speaker, 'aham'.

अहम् (aham) - Yudhishthira (I)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of aham

aham - I, ego (ahaṅkāra)

भवन्तम् (bhavantam) - Dhritarashtra (you (honorific))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhavat

bhavat - you (honorific), your honor

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Direct object of 'avindam'.

दुःखार्तम् (duḥkhārtam) - afflicted by sorrow, pained

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of duḥkhārta

duḥkhārta - distressed by sorrow, afflicted with pain

Compound: duḥkha (sorrow) + ārta (afflicted).

Compound type : tatpurusha (duḥkha+ārta)

• duḥkha – sorrow, pain, suffering
  noun (neuter)
• ārta – afflicted, distressed, tormented
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root ṛ (to go, rise, suffer) or ṛt (to pain).
  Root: ṛ (class 3)

Note: Qualifies 'bhavantam'.

उपवासकृशम् (upavāsakṛśam) - emaciated by fasting

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of upavāsakṛśa

upavāsakṛśa - emaciated by fasting

Compound: upavāsa (fasting) + kṛśa (emaciated).

Compound type : tatpurusha (upavāsa+kṛśa)

• upavāsa – fasting, abstaining from food
  noun (masculine)
  From upa + vas (to dwell) meaning 'to dwell near' or 'to fast'.
  Prefix: upa
  Root: vas (class 1)
• kṛśa – thin, emaciated, lean
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'bhavantam'.

नृप (nṛpa) - O Dhritarashtra (O king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, protector of men

From nṛ (man) + pā (to protect).

Compound type : upapada tatpurusha (nṛ+pā)

• nṛ – man, human
  noun (masculine)
• pā – to protect, drink
  verb
  Root: pā (class 1)

Note: Addressing Dhritarashtra.

यताहारम् (yatāhāram) - with restrained food, with controlled diet

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yatāhāra

yatāhāra - having restrained food, of controlled diet

Compound: yata (restrained) + āhāra (food).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (yata+āhāra)

• yata – restrained, controlled
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root yam (to restrain) + kta (passive participle suffix).
  Root: yam (class 1)
• āhāra – food, diet, intake
  noun (masculine)
  From ā + hṛ (to take).
  Prefix: ā
  Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'bhavantam'.

क्षितिशयम् (kṣitiśayam) - lying on the ground

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kṣitiśaya

kṣitiśaya - lying on the ground

Compound: kṣiti (earth, ground) + śaya (lying, resting).

Compound type : tatpurusha (kṣiti+śaya)

• kṣiti – earth, ground, abode
  noun (feminine)
• śaya – lying, resting, sleeping
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun/derivative
  From root śī (to lie, sleep) + -a suffix.
  Root: śī (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'bhavantam'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates 'avindam'.

अविन्दम् (avindam) - I did not find, I did not know, I did not perceive

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of vid

Imperfect of root vid (class 2) with augment 'a-'.

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Augment 'a' for imperfect.

भ्रातृभिः (bhrātṛbhiḥ) - with my (Yudhishthira's) brothers (by brothers, with brothers)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bhrātṛ

bhrātṛ - brother

Note: Used with 'saha' to mean 'along with brothers'.

सह (saha) - with, together with

(indeclinable)